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1、Edgar Allan Poe,Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849),I. Literary Status Pioneer of American Horror Tales Pioneer of American Detective Tales Pioneer of American Psycho-Analytic fiction Editor, Poet and Professional literary critic,II. Life and Career,Born in an actor and actress family his parents died when
2、he was very small adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan entered the Virginia University at 17 West Point where he began to write poetry then tales editor of magazines such as The Southern Literary Messenger, Grahams magazine, etc. At 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia who died
3、 very young in 1947.,Poe married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia Clemm,Bostons Fort of Independence where Poe was stationed first in the army,III. Edgar Allan Poes Works,Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque 奇异怪诞故事集 MS. Found in a Bottle 瓶子里发现的手稿 The Murders in the Rue Morgue 毛格街杀人案 The Fall of t
4、he House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌 The Masque of the Red Death 红色死亡的化妆舞会 The Cask of Amontillado 一桶酒的故事 The Raven 乌鸦 Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔 Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔李 To Helen 致海伦 The Poetic Principle 诗歌原理 The Philosophy of Composition 创作哲学,IV. Controversial Comments on Poe Probably the most controversial and most misundersto
5、od literary figure in American literary history Reasons: His criticisms against Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Negative comments Emerson “jingle man” Mark Twain Poes unreadable Henry James “enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”,Poes National Historic Site in Phila
6、delphia, one of his former residence,V. Poe as a literary critic (his aesthetics) 1. Aesthetic writings: “The Philosophy of Composition” “The Poetic Principle” 2. Aesthetic ideas: A. Brevity: the poem should be short, readable at one sitting B. Beauty: the chief aim is beauty, namely to produce a fe
7、eling of beauty in the minds of the reader The melancholy is the most legitimate of all poetic tones; the death of a beautiful woman is the most poetic topic in the world.,C. Purity: Poe is opposed to the heresy of the didactic and called for pure poetry. What he seems to be saying is that art lies
8、not so much in what is being said as in the way it says it. Besides, he stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or ideas, of poetry.” He cited his own poem “The Raven” of 108 lines to show his aesthetics : a
9、sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem.,VI. Poes Writing Features,1. Poe was a fascinating man of imagination. 2. In theme, Poe anticipated 20th century literature in his treatment of the disintegration of the self in a world of nothingness. 3.
10、Poe was sensitive enough to feel the pressure of a world where science and reason reign supreme, where “there is neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor help from pain.”,4. Baudelaire first took note of the psychological content of Poes tales and regarded Poe as “a writer of
11、nerves”, and Erich Heller saw Poes contribution to the “discovery and colonization of the mind”; what interests Poe most is the deep abyss of the unconscious and subconscious mental activity of the people. 5. Poes assumption seems to be that every mind is half mad or capable of slipping into insanit
12、y. As a result of this, his fictional characters are mostly neurotics. 6. Poes heroes are mostly “isolatoes”, with no sense of identity, no names even, alienation from society.,7. Poe was also a full rational human being with an intuitive faculty; he was immensely interested in deduction and inducti
13、on. He wrote half a dozen detective stories.,Bronx, New York, where Poe spent his last few years,Poes Gravestone in Baltimore, Maryland,To Helen,Background Edgar Allan Poe wrote “To Helen” as a reflection on the beauty of Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, of Richmond, Va., who died in 1824. She was the mothe
14、r of one of Poes school classmates, Robert Stanard. When Robert invited Edgar, then 14, to his home (at 19th and East Grace Streets in Richmond) in 1823, Poe was greatly taken with the 27-year-old woman, who is said to have urged him to write poetry. He was later to write that she was his first real
15、 love.,Helen: An allusion to Helen of Troy in Greek mythology. Nicean: Of or from Nicea (also spelled Nicaea), a city in ancient Turkey near the site of the Trojan War. barks: small sailing vessels. End rhyme: A, B, A,B, B.,1 stanza,2 stanza,wont: accustomed to Naiad: Naiads were minor nature goddes
16、ses in Greek and Roman mythology. They inhabited and presided over rivers, lakes, streams, and fountains. Naiad airs: Peaceful, gentle breezes or qualities the glory that . . .Rome: These last two lines, beginning with the glory that was, are among the most frequently quoted lines in world literature. End rhyme: A, B, A, B, A. Half rhyme: Face and Greece,3
