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1、人文知识 英语国家社会与文化,人文知识的考察范围宽泛.但并不要求有很深的研究,所以,主要是把握好出题的方向和侧重点.,测试要求: 能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等.,考题回顾 1999 年: 1. The Observer 2. The geographical location of North America 3. The old universities in U.K. 4. Westminster Palace,2000: The titles of English nobility The features of Irish landscape The longe
2、st river in Britain The legislative branch in U.K. The Hundred Years War,2001: The founding of Harvard The settlement of Anglo-Saxons The official name of U.K. The economic activity of Canada,2002: Wall Streetthe financial center Big Ben, Benjamin Hall The compulsory education in U.K. Three branches
3、 of U.S.A. government,2003: The location of California British news agency The founding fathers of U.S.A. The geography of Canada,2004: 1920s in U.S.A. The largest river in U.S.A. The discovery of the New World The first settlement in America,2005: The capital city of Canada How long the U.S. Presid
4、ent serves The important cities in U.S.A. The state church in England,2006: The President in the Civil War 2. The capital city of New Zealand 3. The natives of Australia 4. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of the Cabinet,2007: 1. The origin of the current British population 2. The Head of State
5、 of Canada is represented by the Governor-general 3. The author of the Declaration of Independence 4. The original inhabitants of Australia,2008: The largest city in Canada. The legislative branch of the U.S. government The oldest sport in U.S.A. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand,2009:
6、 The Head of State of New Zealand The capital of Scotland The author of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. president The cities located on the eastern coast of Australia.,参考书籍: 英语专业八级人文知识及改错(上海外国语大学何树主编) 英语国家概况(余志远主编) 网络资料,The United Kingdom: 地理、人口及基本事实考过题目: 1. The longest river (2000) 2.
7、The official name (2000) 3. The origin of the population 4. Big Ben, Benjamin Hall 5. The capital of Scotland (2009),备考点: Official name vs. Geographical Names: The British Isles, Great Britain and England The British Empire: a big empire on which the sun never set ( 1900); 1/4 of the worlds people a
8、nd land area The Commonwealth (of Nations): 1931, 50 independent members, economic ties,2. Geographical position: It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. The English
9、Channel: The Channel is a narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea. The narrowest partthe Straits of Dover（多弗海峡）,3. Three political divisions: England: south, the largest, the most populous, the richest London, The Pennies（奔宁山脉） , Scafell （S
10、cafell Pike)（斯科菲峰, 英格兰最高山峰） Scotland: north, Edinburgh 3 natural zones (the Highlands高地, the Lowlands低地, the Uplands丘陵), Ben Nevis本尼维斯（大不列颠境内的最高山峰） Wales: west, Cardiff加地夫（威尔士的主要海港,4. Rivers and Lakes: The longestthe Severn塞文河The second longest and the most importantThames The largest lakeLough Neag
11、h讷湖(内伊湖)是英国最大的湖 in Northern Ireland Lake District: 15 lakes, the Lake poets (William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey 罗伯特索锡)“湖畔诗人”包括19世纪初英语浪漫主义诗歌的三大代表:华兹华斯 、 柯尔律治和索锡.,5.The People : The English: Anglo-Saxons; England”Angle” land; Anglo-Saxons: Germanic tribe The English people
12、and the English language the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons The Norman: the native of Normandy,The Scots, Welsh & Irishthe Celts 塞尔特人 Celtic: the language spoken by Wales The National Eisteddfodauastev:da Welsh festival of the arts to keep Welsh language and culture艺术家年会 Ga
13、elic: one of the Celtic language spoken in Highlands盖尔语 在英国苏格兰盖尔人,历史: The titles of English nobility The Hundred Years War,备考点: The Origins of a Nation 1. The first known settlersIberians伊比利亚人 2. The Celts (700 B.C.) 3. Romans: 55 B.C. Julius Caesar尤利乌斯凯撒; 43 A.D.（Anno Domini） Claudius克劳多斯 Christian
14、ity was first brought to England by Romans. In order to keep back the Picts & Scots皮克特人和苏格兰人, the Hadrians Wall哈德良长城,4. The Anglo-Saxons: Three Germanic tribes Tuesday (Tiu), Wednesday (Woden), Thursday (Thor), Friday (Freya) derive from the name of Teutonic （日耳曼人的） Gods The Witan (council of the wi
15、seman to advice the king) 盎格鲁-撒克逊时代的议会议员们； 贤人会议 597: Pope教皇 Gregory I, St. Augustine, conversion to Christianity, the first Archbishop of CanterburyIn 597 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. 公元579年圣奥古斯丁成为坎特伯雷大主教.,5. The Viking and Danes:维京人和丹麦人 Alfredthe father of the British na
16、vy, Alfred the Great英格兰韦塞克斯王国国王 King Alfred defeated the Danes and came to an agreement with them in 879.,6. The Norman Conquest: The Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役1066, Duke William vs. Harold Williamking of England in Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂 the feudal system; the Grand Council Domesday Book 英国土地志 a property record The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror,The Shaping of the Nation The Great Charter: Ki
