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1、Tom is a student in class 11. Tom has two brothers. We all like him Toms father is a famous journalist.,归纳：_,who,whom,whose,认识关系代词,Tom _ has two brothers is a student in class 11. Tom _ we all like is a student in class 11. Tom _ father is a famous journalist is a student in class 11.,关系代词：who, whom
2、, whose, 在定语从句中指代人， 分别做主语、宾语、定语，做宾语时who可以替代whom, 也可以省略。,The book is very interesting. The book is about Iraq. I bought the book yesterday.,The book _ is about Iraq is very interesting. The book _ I bought yesterday is very interesting.,归纳：_ _ _,which/that,which/that,关系代词：that, which, 在定语从句中指代物， 做主语、
3、宾语、表语。其中that,指代人和物都可以。 做宾语时可以省略。,认识关系副词,The day is a special day. I will never forget the day. She married him on that day.,The day _I will never forget is a special day. The day _ she married him is a special day. The day _ she married him is a special day.,that/which,on which,when,归纳：_,when在定语从句中做
4、时间状语。,Guilin is a beautiful place. I visited Guilin last year. Liu Sanjie lived in Guilin.,Guilin _ I visited last year is a beautiful place. Guilin _ Liu Sanjie lived is a beautiful place. Guilin _ Liu Sanjie lived is a beautiful place.,that/which,in which,where,归纳：_,Where在定语从句中做地点状语。,She gave me t
5、he reason. She was late for the reason.,She gave me the reason _ she was late.,for which,why,She gave me the reason _ she was late.,归纳：_,Why在定语从句中做原因状语。,区分关系代词that和which,关系代词的that用法,1.不用that的情况 a.在引导非限制性定语从句时: b.介词后不能用. 例如: We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that
6、/which we get our food from. 2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a.在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which. b.在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which. c.先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that d.先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that e.先行词既有人, 又有物时用that. f.先行词被all, any, every, no, some,
7、little, much等词修饰时。,as, which引导的非限定性定语从句,由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句， 相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it
8、B. that C. which D. he,答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子， 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。,2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it,答案B。 which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。 That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子 并在一起在英语语法上行不通。,as 和w
9、hich在引导非限制性定语从句时， 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中 都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时， 从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的 关系代词只能用which.。 （3） as 多用于下列句型：the sameas, suchas, asas, as is known, as we have know As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smok
10、ing is harmful to ones health. I have got into the same trouble as he (has).,介词+关系词,1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词“ 结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which
11、you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?,whose + n 表示所属关系，可变为n + of which/ whom， 表示部分关系时，也可用部分关系词 + of which/ whom. The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd.,1 定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须
12、是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：,易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句, We all have heard the news _ our team won. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分),that/which,(定语从句，that 作told 的
13、宾语),2 定语从句与状语从句。试比较： He left the key_ he had been an hour before. He left the place _he lived for many years. He is such a good teacher _all of us love and respect.,where,(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where),where,(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place),as,(as 引导定语从句), He is such a good teacher _we all like him
14、. 3 定语从句与主语从句。试比较： _is known to us all, paper was first made in China. _is known to us all that paper was first made in China.,that,(that引导结果状语从句,suchthat “如此以致”,As,(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首),It,(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句),4定语从句与强调结构。试比较： It is the house _I met the young man. It was in the house _I met the young man.,where,(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语 从句中作地点状语),that,(本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.),判断关系代词与关系副词,方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。 及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如
