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1、 浩天论文网 专业留学生作业代写网站留学作业写作项目管理工具和技术Project management tools and techniquesProject management tools and techniques are available to assist project managers and their teams in successfully delivering the project. Some popular tools in the time management knowledge area include Gantt charts, network diag
2、rams, critical path analysisCritical Incidence 2- Perceived Failure Of The ProjectA critical incidence during the project was the perceived failure of the project by the University administration due to the amount of time it was taking to register all the students. This was 10 weeks in to the projec
3、t and the university claimed that with their manual process they completed registration in 3 weeks. As the on-site member of the project team, I was responsible for utilizing all available resources to successfully complete the project within a reasonable time. The time frame was not stated and my a
4、im daily was to register as many students as possible.Gantt chartsGantt Chart is one of the popular information presentation tools in a project plan for graphically scheduling and budgeting. This tool makes it possible to have a quick look at all the tasks names and timings, and shows the current sc
5、hedule status and progress. (Schwalbe 2006). It is also a good technique to identify parallel and sequential tasks, estimated time required for each task and an overall project timeline representation (McFarland )Schwalbe K. 2006, “Introduction to project management” Publisher: Cengage LearningAvoid
6、ing Project ManagementPitfalls Allison J. McFarlandWith the availability of various Project-Management applications, like MS Project, smartdraw-Easy Project Chart, etc., Gantt Chart can be easily made. According to Pankaja Pradeep Kumar one of the biggest problems, the project managers have to face,
7、 is project-scheduling. With Ms. Projects Gantt Chart, an effective scheduling plan can be put in place for providing the necessary information, required by the project team members, for measuring the actual performance with the planned performance. This will enable the projects to be delivered with
8、in the time constraint with pre-defined quality standard.There are many literature and reading material available expressing the usefulness of the Gantt Chat (see appendix 1). Unfortunately Gantt charts, despite having various advantages faces various criticism. Asaravala (2006) highlights that some
9、 critics argue that Gantt Chart distracts the project managers attention from the project and towards perfecting pretty graphs, while others argue that charts are created only to satisfy the higher-ups and act as a distraction for the project team.Asaravala, A. 2006, “Defending the Gantt Chart”, Res
10、ource: Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) , Citation: Software DevelopmentJan2006, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p14-15Luz (2009) Also criticises that, besides the benefits, Gantt charts have many weakness which includes lack of details and inefficient utilization of screen space when displaying large number of pa
11、rallel tasks, each of which requires its own representation space. Maylor (2001) extends the criticism and considers Gantt Chart as a “blunt instrument”, that encourages a one-step approach to planning. As a result of the presentation capabilities of modern planning packages, the visual quality of c
12、olour charts means that they gain an implicit credibility. This can result in staff being unwilling to challenge the charts, and so they gain a momentum all of their own. Furthermore Maylor (2001) states that charts obliges the project manager to over-control the project instead of delegating the pr
13、oject responsibilities to the team members. Increasing use of the project-management applications, project managers become not only the keeper of the charts but also a computer operator. This might lead the virtual project plan not being updated, as frequent change occurs.Asaravala (2006) defends th
14、e charts approach by reasoning that Gantt chart is a communication tool in helping stakeholders in understanding the tasks and the tasks relations with each otherPritchard (2004) affirms that Gantt charts helps the stakeholder to have a good view of the project and also act as a communication tool t
15、o the project clients and the stakeholders involved. Furthermore it helps project leaders focus their attention on critical tasks and resources as the project moves forward and allow them to keep track of how the project is progressing and using its available resources.Pritchard C. 2004, “The projec
16、t management communications toolkit”, Publisher: Artech HouseAsaravala (2006) concludes that one the major reasons for criticism against Gantt charts might be that project managers, most often, find it difficult to get Project Management Applications, like Microsoft Project, to do what they want it to do. This might lead to confusion in the project tasks and delays in delivering the projectSince Gantt
