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1、第一类 MOTOR VEHICLE 汽车27一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车 序号英 文中 文1passenger car轿 车2minicar微型轿车3subcompact car普通级轿车4compact car中级轿车5intermediate car中高级轿车6limousine car高级轿车1.2 Bus 客车序号英 文中 文1bus客 车2mini-bus微型客车3light bus轻型客车4medium bus中型客车5large bus大型客车6extra bus特大型客车7articulated bus铰链客车8double-d
2、eck bus双层客车1.3 Motor truck 货车序号英 文中 文1motor truck货 车2mini- truck微型货车3light truck轻型货车4medium truck中型货车5heavy truck重型货车6off-road vehicle越野汽车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车序号英 文中 文1special purpose vehicle专用汽车2van厢式汽车3tanker罐式汽车4dump truck自卸汽车序号英 文中 文5semi-trailer towing vehicle半挂牵引汽车6full-trailer toei
3、ng vehicle全挂牵引汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成序号英 文中 文1engine 发动机2front axle前 桥3wheel车 轮4clutch离合器5gearbox变速器6propeller shaft传动轴7universal joint万向节8final drive and differential主减速器和差速器9rear axle后 桥10body车 身2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能序号英 文中 文1maximum speed of the au
4、tomobile汽车最高车速2time of acceleration of the automobile汽车加速时间3maximum gradability of the automobile汽车最大爬坡度4constant-speed fuel econ-omy of the automobile汽车等速油耗5economical speed of the automobile汽车经济车速2.3 engine position 发动机布置序号英 文中 文1front engine , rear wheeldrive前置发动机，后轮驱动2rear engine , rear wheeldri
5、ve后置发动机，后轮驱动序号英 文中 文3front engine , front wheeldrive前置发动机，前轮驱动4under cab-floor engine驾驶室下置发动机5underfloor engine车厢地板下置发动机三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸序号英 文中 文1vehicle overall length车长2vehicle overall width车宽3vehicle overall height车高4front overhang前悬5real overhang后悬6wheelbase轴距7tread轮距8ground clearance 最小离
6、地间隙9angle of incidence接近角10descent angle离去角四、Wheel alignment前轮定位序号英 文中 文1caster 主销后倾2steering axis inclination主销内倾3camber 前轮外倾4toe-in前轮前束五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径序号英 文中 文1steering angle 转向角2outside diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯外径3minimum turning circlediameter最小转弯直径4Inside diameter
7、of minimum turning circle最小转弯内径5Turning clearance circle转弯通道圆第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造序号英 文中 文1rocker arm cover摇臂罩2valve rocker arm气门摇臂3camshaft凸轮轴4camshaft drive凸轮轴驱动轮5spark plug lead火花塞导线6timing belt cover正时皮带罩7valve spring气门弹簧8poppet valve菌形气门9piston活塞10connecting rod连杆11timing be
8、lt正时皮带12combustion chamber燃烧室13cylinder block汽缸体14water jacket 水套15oil filter机油滤清器16flywheel飞轮17ring gear齿圈18oil gage机油标尺19oil pan/sump油底壳20crankshaft曲轴21drain plug放油孔塞22v-belt pulleyV型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术语序号英 文中 文1cylinder diameter汽缸直径2piston stroke活塞行程3crank radius曲轴半径4piston displacement活塞排量5c
9、ompression chamber volume压缩室容积6total cylinder volume总汽缸容积7top dead center上止点8bottom dead center下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英 文中 文1intake stroke进气行程2compression stroke压缩行程3expansion stroke膨胀行程4exhaust stroke 排气行程5combustible mi
10、xture可燃混合气6intake valve进气门7spark plug火花塞8exhaust valve排气门9exhaust gas废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英 文中 文1intake stroke进气行程2compression stroke压缩行程3expansion stroke膨胀行程4exhaust stroke 排气行程5intake进气6compression压缩7combustion燃烧8expansion膨胀9exhaust排气10air空气11injector喷油器
11、12exhaust gas废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英 文中 文1combustible mixture可燃混合气2inlet port进气口3crankcase曲轴箱4precompressed mixture预压混合气序号英 文中 文5transfer canal输气道6intake port进气口7exhaust port排气口8exhaust gas废气9spark plug火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油
12、机工作原理1air空气2blower pump扫气泵3precompressed air预压空气4air chamber空气室5inlet port 进气口6injector喷油器7exhaust valve排气门8exhaust gas废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能序号英 文中 文1fixed throttle characteristics速度特性2part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3engine speed转速4torque扭矩5horsepower功率6specific fuel consumption燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号英 文中 文1cylinder block汽缸体2cylinder liner汽缸套3cylinder bearing surface汽缸套表面4cylinder head汽缸盖5inlet manifold mountingflange进气歧管凸缘6oil inlet hole加油孔
