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1、现在分词作状语,选修六 Unit 5 Grammar,千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。,分词作状语,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。,分词作状语功能表,1.时间,2.原因,3.条件,4.让步,5.方式/伴随,时间状语从句,原因 状 语从句,条件 状 语从句,让步状 语从句,没有合适的状语从句,A.现在分词作状语学与练,把划线部分改写成分词短语 并说明其功能,1.1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.,S
2、eeing their teacher, the students stood up.,*现在分词动作的发出者是( ),句子主语,*现在分词短语作( ),时间状语,-ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句： 注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。现在分词一般位于句首。 如：,When he read the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.,Seeing those pictur
3、es, she remembered her childhood.,When reading the book, he nodded from time to time.,1.After they had finished their homework, they went home.,Having finished their homework, they went home.,*现在分词短语作( ),*Having finished their homework表现的动作在went home( ),故用分词的( ).,时间状语,之前,完成式,2.Because he was ill, he
4、 couldnt go to school.,Being ill, he couldnt go to school.,*现在分词短语 作原因状语,3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.,Working harder at English, you will make greater progress.,*现在分词短语 作条件状语,4.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.,*Feeling very tired, they kept running
5、.,现在分词短语 作让步状语,5.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句),*The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.,*现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语,*Laughing and talking, the children came into the classroom.,*不可改成相应状语从句,-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示,现在分词作状语代替状语从句,时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，,注
6、：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。,现在分词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,having been done,doing 作状语，表示分词的动作与谓语动作同时发生,having done 作状语，表示分词的动作先于谓语的动作发生,He came into the classroom, talking and laughing.,Having finished his work, he went home.,把下列划线部分改写成分词短语, 并说明其功能,B.过去分词作状语学与练,1.
7、When she was asked why she did it, she began to cry.,*Asked why she did it, she began to cry.,*过去分词短语作时间状语,*从句的动词用的是被动语态,*过去分词的动作由主语承受,2.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.,*Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.,*过去分词短语作原因状语,3.If I were given one more c
8、hance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.”.,*Given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl , “ I love you.”.,*过去分词短语作条件状语,4.Although they had been defeated many times， they continued to fight.,*Having been defeated many times, they continued to fight.,=Although defeated many times, t
9、hey continued to fight.,*过去分词短语作让步状语,*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分词）前 可加上适当连词如：while，when，once，if，unless，as if，though,*Once used, the car will never be sold again. (once “一旦”),=Once it is used, the car will never be sold again.,*When heated, water turns into steam.,=When water is heated, water turn
10、s into steam.,Heated, water turns into steam,5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by many students.,*The teacher stood there (,)surrounded by many students,= Surrounded by many students, the teacher stood there.,*过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语,Having been told many times, he didnt make the same mistake.
11、Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.,一、分词做状语,1、现在分词的一般式（doing）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或者在其后发生。 2、完成式（having done）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先与谓语动作而发生。 3 过去分词（done）同动词现在分词的完成形式（having been done）均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先与谓语动词发生。,状语,doing 与主语为主动关系,done 与主语为被动关系,分词作状语,Hearing the bad news, they
12、couldnt help crying.,When they heard the bad news,doing 与主语为主动关系,Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,done 与主语为被动关系,_ from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box. _from the top of the building, the house looks like a match
13、 box.,Seeing,Seen,see,分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以加上连词，但是分词和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and，so)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。,注意1：,例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still
14、couldnt understand it.,对比练习,1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. He been told 3. _from space , the earth looks blue . 4._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. T
15、o see D.See,C,A/B,A,B,but,the earth,we,1. As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep. 2.This book became well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages.,Having eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.,Having been translated into ma
16、ny different languages, this book became well known all over the world .,Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.,- ing形式（短语）的否定形式 常在其（ ）加not /never等。,前面,Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,注意2：,有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设), jud
