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1、,在马克思墓前的讲话,学院：法学院班级：民商班 组长：马晓旭,卡尔马克思(18181883)，马克思主义的创始人，第一国际的组织者和领导者，全世界无产阶级和劳动人民的伟大导师。1883年3月14日，无产阶级革命的伟大导师、科学共产主义学说创始人卡尔马克思在伦敦逝世。3月17日，安葬于伦敦城北的海格特公墓。,弗里德里希冯恩格斯（18201895）德国哲学家、思想家、革命家，国际共产主义运动的伟大导师和领袖、近代共产主义的奠基人。他是马克思主义的创始人之一，是马克思的亲密战友，共同创立了科学共产主义理论。1895年8月5日，恩格斯因患晚期食道癌在位于泰晤士河边的寓所内逝世。8月27日，人们遵照他的
2、遗嘱，把他的骨灰被洒在伊斯勃恩海,Frederick Engels ： “On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep-but forever. “An immeasurable
3、loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe and America, and by historical science, in the death of this man. The gap that has been left by the departure of this mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt. “Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic natur
4、e, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the imm
5、ediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, an
6、d in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. “But that is not all. Marx also discovered the special law of motion governing the present-day capitalist mode of production and the bourgeois society that this mode of production has cr
7、eated. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and socialist critics, had been groping in the dark. “Two such discoveries would be enough for one lifetime. Happy the man to whom it is grant
8、ed to make even one such discovery. But in every single field which Marx investigated and he investigated very many fields, none of them superficially in every field, even in that of mathematics, he made independent discoveries. “Such was the man of science. But this was not even half the man. Scien
9、ce was for Marx a historically dynamic, revolutionary force. However great the joy with which he welcomed a new discovery in some theoretical science whose practical application perhaps it was as yet quite impossible to envisage, he experienced quite another kind of joy when the discovery involved i
10、mmediate revolutionary changes in industry and in historical development in general. For example, he followed closely the development of the discoveries made in the field of electricity and recently those of Marcel Deprez. “For Marx was before all else a revolutionist. His real mission in life was t
11、o contribute, in one way or another, to the overthrow of capitalist society and of the state institutions which it had brought into being, to contribute to the liberation of the modern proletariat, which he was the first to make conscious of its own position and its needs, conscious of the condition
12、s of its emancipation. Fighting was his element. And he fought with a passion, a tenacity and a success such as few could rival. His work on the first Rheinische Zeitung (1842), the Paris Vorw?rts! (1844), Br?sseler Deutsche Zeitung (1847), the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49), the New York Tribune
13、 (1852-61), and in addition to these a host of militant pamphlets, work in organisations in Paris, Brussels and London, and finally, crowning all, the formation of the great International Working Mens Association this was indeed an achievement of which its founder might well have been proud even if
14、he had done nothing else. “And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whether conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All t
15、his he brushed aside as though it were cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow-workers from the mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and America and I make bold to say tha
16、t though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy. “His name will endure through the ages, and so also will his work!“,恩格斯：在马克思墓前的讲话（原文）,主讲：恩格斯 时间：1883年3月17日 地点：伦敦海格特公墓 3月14日下午两点三刻，当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。让他一个人留在房里还不到两分钟，当我们进去的时候，便发现他在安乐椅上安静地睡着了但已经永远地睡着了。 这个人的逝世，对于欧美战斗的无产阶级，对于历史科学，都是不可估量的损失。这位巨人逝世以后所形成的空白，不久就会使人感觉到。 正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来为繁芜丛杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等；所以，直接的物质的生活资料的生产，从而一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展阶段，便构成基础，人们的国
