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1、第七课时定语从句李仕才感 悟 高 考1.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京卷)A.that B.as C.where D.when答案A句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwi
2、de starvation.(2017江苏卷)A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 答案C先行词是“the World Food Programme”，whose引导定语从句并在定语从句中作定语，修饰purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。3.My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(2017天津卷)A.that B.whose C.his D.who答案B句意：我的最大儿子，他因
3、工作原因去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest son，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词做定语，意为：的。故选B。4.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江卷)A.whom B.which C.what D.that答案B句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是
4、which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories。5.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京卷)A.whose B.why C.where D.which答案A句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。要 点 精 析一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的用法分类从句关系代词格用于限制性和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句指人指物指
5、人又指物主格whowhichthat宾格who/whom-属格whose/ of whomof which/ whosewhose2.关系代词的用法与分类依据(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语或定语3.只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。Nothing that the teacher does doesnt influence his students.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。(2)当先行词被序数词，形容词最
6、高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are adm
7、ired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。(4)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时，通常只用that，不用which。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。(5)句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限制性定语从句。Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车？4.只用which不用that的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系代词which，不能使用that。A
8、ir，which we breathe every day, is around us all the time.我们每天呼吸的空气始终在我们的周围。(2)在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，用关系代词which，不能使用that。She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money.她给我看了她花了很多钱买的那本字典。名师点津(1)当关系代词作宾语，前面又没有介词时，whom可以改为who，也可以省略。The girl (who/whom) he invited may be his girlfriend.他邀请的那个女
9、孩可能是他的女朋友。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the名词of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the名词of whom”。The classroom，whose door is broken, will soon be repaired.The classroom, the door of which is broken，will soon be repaired.那间门坏了的教室很快就会被修理了。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。In countries
10、 where (in which) many different languages are spoken，English is often used as an official language to help people communicate.在一些说多种语言的国家里，英语经常作为官方语言来帮助人们交流。名师点津当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。You reach a point where medicine cant
11、 help.你到了药物无法治疗的地步。2.when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during .which”结构。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。3.why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why/for wh
12、ich he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？名师点津非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。【技法点拨】关系代词和关系副词的辨析方法准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语)能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.(引导词在从句中作状语)这就
13、是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。This is the museum which we visited last summer.(引导词在从句中作宾语)这就是我们去年夏天去的那个博物馆。三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1.介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1)先行词的意义(2)句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配(3)句子的意思Trading leather shoes is the business to which
14、the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to“献身，致力于”)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。Recently I bought an ancient vase, whose price(the price of which) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2.“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在
15、some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3.“介词where”引导的定语从句有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the wind
