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1、The seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.,1. The seniors were demonstrating and were asked, on campus, to desist. 高年级的学生在示威，校方在校园要求他们停止示威。 2. The seniors were demonstrating and were asked to desist on campus (although they could demonstrate elsewhere). 高年级学生在示威，校方要求他们停止在校园中示威但可在其他地方示威。,
2、3. The seniors were demonstrating on campus and were asked to desist. 高年级的学生在校园示威，校方叫他们停止示威。 4. People were demonstrating on campus, and seniors were asked to stop them. 有人在校园中示威，高年级生被要求去制止他们。,The seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.,5. People were demonstrating and seniors were asked,
3、 on campus, to stop them . 有人在示威，高年级生在校园中被要求去制止他们。 6. People were demonstrating and seniors were asked, to stop them from doing so on campus (although they could do it elsewhere) 有人在示威，高年级生被要求去制止他们在校园中示威(但他们可在别处示威)。,The seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.,第三章 翻译技巧,（句篇）,One cannot read
4、 a book without learning something.,开卷有益,如果weblog能博客(博客), 那(么) 它能博(客)多少(博)客？,The prerequisites for the correct handling of long and complex sentences in English-Chinese translation lie in the translators correct comprehension of the original and, in his/her capacity for adequate representation of th
5、e thought of the author in the language to be translated into. Correct comprehension, therefore, is always the first and foremost step; and the dialectical unity of faithfulness and smoothness is always what we should strive to achieve.,(a). what the author is driving at; (b). what his argument or v
6、iews are, and what “long sequence” there is in the original; (c). what grammatical relations there are among the three, four, five, or even more “modifiers” in the long sentence to be translated.,对 不对 他不对 我认为他不对 我告诉过你我认为他不对 我明明告诉过你我认为他不对 开会时我明明告诉过你我认为他不对 昨天开会时我明明告诉过你我认为他不对 He is reading. He is readi
7、ng a book. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor
8、 of our library which has just opened.,Content,1. Embedding(内嵌法),The so-called embedding means placing the modifiers (including phrases and clauses) before the word being modified, thus the modifiers are embedded in the Chinese sentences. The pre-position embedding makes the Chinese version compact
9、and coherent, therefore, it is frequently adopted in translating attributive clauses and appositive clauses.,内嵌法亦称包孕法,前置包孕，意指在翻译时将英语后置修饰成分（包括各种词组或从句）放在中心词（即被修饰成分）之前。只要修饰成分不因过长而形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛，我们可以尽量译成前置包孕。前置包孕可使句义十分紧凑，结构上整体感很强。（公文文体多用此式）,The General Assembly may call the attention of the securi
10、ty council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security. 大会对于足以危及国际和平与安全的形势，提请安全理事会注意。,More Exercises,In 1970, he was placed under house arrest when he refused to use massive force in suppressing worker riots on the seacoast. 1970年，他因拒绝使用武力大规划镇压沿海城市的工人骚乱而被软禁。 （or:他因,于1
11、970年被软禁）,This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. 这不是一场阶级之间的战争, 而是一场不分种族、不分信仰、不分党派, 整个大英帝国及英联邦全体成员国无不参加 的战争。,2. Cutting(切分法),Sometimes, however, English modifiers are too long to be placed
12、before the word being modified in the Chinese version. In this case, we have to resort to some other means- most conveniently, cutting. By means of cutting, we may sever a long English sentence and rearrange the parts in sense groups, and then translate them separately into Chinese.,切分法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英
13、语中较长的句子译成汉语中较短的句子。 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生；而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法： （1） 原文句子虽不长，但照直译时所得的译文很别扭，不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单词或短语译成独立的句子。 （2） 原文句子冗长，特别是那些曲折迂回，层见跌出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。,切分法,1. 将单词分译成汉语的句子,The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情
14、理的。 He is an active student, but he was uncharacteristically listless in class today. 这个学生很活跃，可今天他在课堂上却无精打采，异乎寻常。,2. 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子,Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 医生和伤病员常常谈起一种神奇的药物，而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。,3. 将分句译成句子,1. He just stood there with his arms folded w
15、hen he might have given me a hand. 他本可以帮我一把，却偏偏只是站在那儿袖手旁观。 2. Basic education is the key area where according to a study of 30 countries by an outstanding economist the return is 30%. 基础教育是一个关键领域；据一位著名经济学家对30个国家的研究，其收益率为30%。,3. Reversing(倒置法),Reversing in translating long and complex English sentenc
16、es refers to adjusting the sequence of a given sentence so as to make it conform to Chinese usage. A sentence element of pre-position may be placed at the end of the whole text, and on the other hand, an end-position element may be placed at the beginning.,倒置法是指在某种程度上将原文分段为若干个短小的句子，然后按照汉语逻辑与习惯表达的方式重新进行安排，这样原文的语序有全部或局部的变换，甚至译文各分句的顺序有可能与原文恰恰相反。,For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have b
