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1、 七年级主要短语及用法1. be interested in doing sth. = be keen on doing sth.对做某事感兴趣;热衷于做某事 He is interested in singing. = He is keen on singing. They are interested in dancing. = They are keen on dancing.doing-表示动词的现在分词(-ing 形式);即在这个短语中,动词必须用现在分词。动词变为 ing 形式分几大类,具体分 类第二单元语法课件里有详细讲解。 I am interested in playing
2、basketball. = I am keen on playing basketball. Are you interested in playing the piano? - No, I am not.钢琴属于西洋乐器,所以在 play 后面要加 the;而球 类运动(如 basketball 等)则不用be interested in sth. = be keen on sth. 对 某物 感 兴 趣; 热 衷于 某物 Fred is interested in sports. = Fred is keen on sports. Our teachers are interested i
3、n music. = Our teachers are keen on music. 当需要表达的意思是对某物体感兴趣时,不需要加动词,直接加名词或名词短语即可。2. come from = be from 来自于 . She comes from China. = She is from China.主语是第三人称单数,动词后要加 s;句中有 be 动词时,要用 is(过去时用 was) She doesnt come from China. = She is not from China. 变为否定句时,要注意句中是否有 be 动词:有 be 动词时,直接在 be 动词后加 not;没有
4、be 动词时,则需添加一个助动词(do / does),然后在助动词后加 not. Does she come from China? = Is she from China?变为疑问句时,句子中如果有 be 动词,就将 be 动词提到主语前,句尾加 问号;如果没有 be 动词,则需添加助动词(do / does)并放到句首,同时,句中的动词必须变为原形。 (comes come) This movie was based on a real story. = This movie was from a real story.= This movie came from a real stor
5、y.这部电影是根据一个真实故事改编的。 (这部电影来自一个真实的故事)be based on.意思是“以.为基础”;在例句的这种情况中,可以用 be from 和 come from 来替换。 (其它时候不可以替换)电影的改编过程,通常都是已经完成的事情,所以大多用过去式。 be 动词的过去式为 was, were;动词过去式大部分直接加 ed,但也有少数 特殊变化。 Was this movie based on a real story? = Was this movie from a real story? = Did this movie come from a real story?
6、变为疑问句时,特别要注意动词的时态;动词过去式决定助动词必须用 did.3. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物 (sth.)传 /递给 某人 (sb.) Can you pass me the cup please? = Can you pass the cup to me please? Can 意思是“能够”,属于情 态动词。只要有情态动词,动词永远都用原形,不再受主 语影响 Tom passed his brother a pen just now. = Tom passed a pen to his brother just now. just
7、now 意为 “刚才”, 说明句子是 过去时,所以动词要变过去式 Did Tom pass his brother the pen just now?= Did Tom pass the pen to his brother just now? 过去时,句中没有“be 动词”, 变疑问句时要用“助动词”did4. each other = one another 彼此,互相 We always help each other. = We always help one another.句中有频率副词 always,表示 习惯性的动作,说明句子是一般现在时主语不是第三人称单数,所以动词用原形频率
8、副词(由高至低排列):always usually often sometimes seldom never总是 通常 经常 有时候 很少 从不 Do trees often communicate with each other?= Do trees often communicate with one another?句中有频率副词 often,说明这是一般现在时的句子主语不是第三人称单数,所以动词用原形句中没有 be 动词,变疑问句时要用助动词 do They trusted each other two years ago. = They trusted one another two
9、 years ago.句中有表示时间的短语 two years ago,说明这是过去时的句子,动词 trust 要变过去式 Did they trust each other two years ago? =Did they trust one another two years ago?过去时的句子,句中没有 be 动词时, 变疑问句时要用助动词 did5. Why not do sth. ? = Why dont you do sth. ? 不如 .(提建 议 ) Why not walk to school? = Why dont you walk to school?这两个句子的共同点
10、在于,动词都要用原形;而不同点也很明显,Why not 后面直接加动词,但是如果是 Why dont,则必须要加上对于听取这条建议的人的称呼,即例句中的 you,然后再加动词。6. be famous for. = be well-known for. 以 .而 闻 名 Beijing is famous for the Great Wall. = Beijing is well-known for the Great Wall.这两个短语之所以意思相同,仅仅是因为 famous 和 well-known 这两个单词意思相同;而短语里的其他部分(be 动词和介词 for)是完全不 变的。注意
11、well-known 的拼写,这是一个独立的单词,中间的短横线“-”一定要写上!7. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.= provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.为 某人提供某物 Our school offers us books and classrooms.= Our school offers books and classrooms to us.这个例句中对应的 sb.是 us,而 sth.则是 books and classrooms主语(our school)是第三人称单数,所以 动词(offer
12、)要加 s(offers);us 是 we 的宾格, “我们”是在学校里使用书本和教室的人,是“提供”这个动作的承受者,所以要用宾格;人称代词的宾格在第一单元课件中有详细列表,请自行查阅。 Our school provides us with books and classrooms.主语(our school)是第三人称单数,所以 动词(provide)要加 s(provides);provide 这个词本身有“提供”的意思,要 为他人提供某物,首先必须准备好该物品;为了便于解释,我们暂时将它定义为“做准备”。provides us:给我们做准备那么,用什么为我们做准备呢?这里涉及到一个伴
13、随的条件,或者说使用的工具,我们用“with”加“具体物品”表示。 Our school provides books and classrooms for us.provides books and classrooms:准备书本和教室准备这些东西给谁用?为了谁而准备这些物品呢?当然是为了学生,也就是句中的我们“us ”;为了某人,用“for”加人称或人名来表示。8. enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得开心短语中的 oneself 表示反身代 词:“某人自己”,但 oneself 这个词绝不会出现在句子中;反身代词一共有 8 个:单数
14、 5 个(f 结尾),复数 3 个(ves 结尾);具体内容在第一单元课件中有表格,使用时应根据句子中文意思选择正确的反身代词。 We enjoyed ourselves at the beach yesterday. = We had fun at the beach yesterday.= We had a good time at the beach yesterday.写同义句时,动词的时态必须保持一致;不同的短语被替换掉的部分不同,做题时, 观察原句必须做到细致、到位。 Did you enjoy yourselves at the beach yesterday?= Did you
15、 have fun at the beach yesterday?= Did you have a good time at the beach yesterday?改为一般疑问句时,首先观察句中有没有 be 动词,这几个例句中都没有 be 动词,所以全都需要在句首加上助动词;接下来观察句中动词的时态;此处为过去式,所以助动词必须用 did,同时注意把动词全都变为原形。陈述句中主语为第一人称时,变成疑问句后人称要同时发生变化,全部变为第二人称。(we you , ourselves yourselves)9. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给 (某人) 买 (某物) Her father bought her a book last week. = Her father bought a book for her last week.例句中的 sb.为 her,sth.为 a book;bought a book 意思为“买了一本书”这本书是为谁而买的呢?这里用介词“for”加“具体的某人 ”来表示。 Did her father buy her a book last week?= Did her father buy a book for her last week?句中没有 be 动词,且