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1、http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 影响花生产量的气象学因素及对策花生是我国主要的油料经济作物之一，山东省是花生生产大省，年总产 300万 t，占全国的 1/4；667 m2 均产量 250 kg，比全国高近 50 kg；出口量占全国的 70以上。全省常年种植面积 86.67 万 hm2，仅次于河南省。山东省新泰市是我省花生重点生产地区,又是当地重要的农业经济作物,本文在田间农业气象试验研究的基础之上,对影响花生生育期的气象因子进行了分析,阐述了天气花生间的关系,并对提高花生产量,更好地开展农业气象服务,防灾减灾,促进农业高质高产提出相应气象服务对策。Peanut is o
2、ne of the main oil crops in our country, in shandong province is the largest peanut production, annual output of 3 million t, make up about a quarter of the country; 667 m2 production 250 kg, higher than the national nearly 50 kg; More than 70% of the exports of the country. The province perennial p
3、lant area of 866700 hm2, second only to the henan province. In xintai city in shandong province is the key production of peanut in our region, it is important to the local agricultural economy crops, this paper on the basis of field experiment of agrometeorological research and meteorological factor
4、s of affecting peanut growth period was analyzed, and expounds the relationship between weather - peanuts, and to improve the peanut production, better carry out the agriculture meteorological services, disaster prevention and mitigation, promoting agricultural high quality high yield, put forward c
5、orresponding countermeasures of meteorological service. 1 花生各生长期的所需的基本气象条件1 peanut required at each stage, the basic meteorological conditions 1.1 热量条件 花生原产于热带丘陵山区的河谷地带，是一种喜温、较耐旱、怕涝的一年生豆科作物。生长季节要求平均气温 20.0以上，但因品种不同对热量条件的要求也不完全一致1。一般晚熟花生要求温度较高，全生育期需积温 3 300.03 600.0，生育期 150180 d；中熟种需积温 2 850.03 100.0
6、，生育期 130160 d；早熟种需积温 2 700.03 000.0，生育期 130 d 以下。1.1 peanut is native to the tropical heat condition hilly mountain river valley, is a kind of thermophilic, drought-tolerant, afraid of waterlogging annual leguminous crops. Growing season requires more than the average temperature of 20.0 , but becau
7、se of the variety of heat condition requirements is not entirely consistent 1. Generally late peanut high temperature required, should be in the whole stages 3 300.0 3 600.0 accumulated temperature, growth period of 150 180 d; Cooked in 850.0 and 850.0 need to accumulated temperature of 2 3 , the gr
8、owth period of 130 160 d; Precocious species need 2 700.0 3 000.0 accumulated temperature, http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ growth period under 130 d. 1.2 水分条件 花生的生长发育对水分的需求量较大，一般每生产 1 kg 干物质需耗水 450 kg 以上，667 m2 产 250 kg 花生，全生育期耗水量约为 300 m3。花生在整个生育过程中，随气温的升高水量逐渐增多，到花期达最大值，以后逐渐减少。总的趋势是两头少，中间多。但是由于年际间的变化和花
9、生生育期间降水分布的不均衡，花生的需水关键期水分还未全部满足。1.2 moisture conditions peanut growth and development of water demand is bigger, average water consumption per 1 kg of dry matter production more than 450 kg, 667 m2, to produce 250 kg of peanut, water consumption is about 300 m3 in the whole stages. Peanuts in the ent
10、ire process of birth, along with the temperatures of water gradually increased, to the flowering of maximum value, gradually reduce in the future. The general trend is small at both ends, the middle more. But due to the change between the interannual and unbalanced distribution of precipitation duri
11、ng birth, peanut peanut the critical period of water requirement of all moisture has not yet satisfied. 1.3 花生全生育期的光照条件 光照是花生生长发育的能源，是花生生育期的主要气象因素之一。花生在苗期对光照反应虽很敏感，但由于此期植株个体较小，一般年份，雨量稀少，所以光照能满足需要。在结荚饱果期，叶片逐渐衰退，光照充足，开花多而集中；光照不足开花量显著减少。一般此阶段每天要求有 8.010.0 h 的光照。产量与光照的关系是正相关关系。但由于气候变化的原因,造成花生产量忽高忽低,花生的品
12、质也受到不同程度的影响。有关气象条件变化或气候异常对花生生长发育及产量的影响关系复杂。1.3 peanut lighting lighting is peanut growth and development in the whole stages of energy, is one of the main meteorological factors peanut growth period. Peanuts at seedling stage responded to light is very sensitive, but as a result of this period the p
13、lant individual small, average year, rainfall scarce, so the light can satisfy the need. In podding full fruiting, blade gradually recession, sufficient sunlight, flowering and more centralized; Insufficient light flower quantity significantly reduced. This stage generally requires 8.0 10.0 h in the
14、 light every day. Production and light is a positive correlation relationship. But due to climate change, causing the peanut yield high and low, the quality of the peanut is also affected by varying degrees. On meteorological conditions change or climate anomaly on peanut growth and yield influence
15、relationship is complex. 2 影响花生产量的气象因素2 meteorological factors which influence the production of peanuts 2.1 平均积温 据新泰市 30 年气象历史资料统计：20.0的年平均积温 3 028.8，年平均积温时间为 125 d （5 月 18/日 -9 月 19 日） ，满足早、中、晚http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 熟各品种对热量的要求。2.1 average accumulated temperature according to the meteorological history statistics: xintai city 30 years average annual accumulated temperature of 20.0 or 028.8 3 , the average annual accumulated temperature for 125 d (May 18 / day - 19 September), meet the early, middle and late each type of caloric require
