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1、主谓一致主谓一致，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为: 语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致 .(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有 with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的
2、短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用 and 连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用 and 连接的成对名词习惯上
3、被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork( 刀叉) 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。如果一样东西为两人或几个人共同所有，则在最后一个名词的词尾加“s”;如果分别属各自所有时，则在各个名词词尾都加“s”Mr. and Mrs. Smiths son 史密斯夫妇的儿子。 Mikes and Jacks room. Mike 的房间和 Jack 的房间比较：Jane and Roberts class.Janes and Roberts class.3. 不定式(短语), 动名词( 短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serv
4、ing the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被 each, every 或 no 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.Each man and (each) woman i
5、s asked to help.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词/复数名词+each, 谓语动词用复数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。They each have two coats.6. 若主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数 , 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但 more+复数名词+than one 做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜
6、欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:Hi
7、s clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以 ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及 The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词 +and a half “, “one and a
8、 half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语 , 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容一致原则 : 1.主语中有 all, half, most, the rest 等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on
9、 sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的 60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of 等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of th
10、e textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15 减去 5 等于 10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离 , 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括 police , people,
11、 cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public, class 等.如:audience 是一个集合名词后面跟单复数皆可。当表示整体的时候，就用单数。多数用 be 动词，后面有
12、词来修饰。比如：The audience was quiet. The audience was large.当表示动作的时候，由于人是个体，所以动词用复数。The audience are watching the game.The audience are requested to be in their seats.The public consists of you and me. The class has elected its leader. The class are working on their individual projects today. 6. the +形容词
13、/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.The weak are not always weak in the struggle.The wounded were sent to hospital.(3) 就近原则1. 由 here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一
14、支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词 or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it He or you have taken my pen. 注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语
15、从句中 , 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 补充两则定语从句中的主谓一致： 如果先行词在从句中做主语，则从句中谓语应与先行词保持一致I who am (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you.如果先行词是 one of
16、 + 复数名词，则从句中谓语用复数I will choose one of the students (who have finished the work )to go there.如先行词是 the only one of + 复数名词，或 the one of+复数名词, 则从句用单数。I will choose the only one of the students (who has finished the work) to go there定语从句中的倒装现象（体现的主谓一致问题）在定语从句中有时会出现完全倒装语序，常见于以 where 或介词+which 引起的定语从句中：That is our school, in the front of which were sitting some important men.We got to a farm house, where lived on old
