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1、中考英语阅读理解及其解题技巧阅读理解及其解题方法阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务,也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从 A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出最佳答案或回答出所提问题等等。要求阅读速度为每分钟 40-50 个词。阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则:1. 阅读文章不少于三篇,阅读量在 1,000 单词左右;2. 题材广泛,包括科普,社会,文化,政治,经济等;3. 体裁多样,包阔记叙文,说明文,应用文等;一、中考阅读理解考查的主
2、要内容1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文的主题,主题思想,标题或目的,其主要提问方式是:(1 Which is the best title of the passage?(2 Which of the following is this passageabout?(3 In this passage the writer tries to tell usthat_.(4 The passage tells us that_.(5 This passage mainly talksabout_.2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事
3、实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的,其主要提问方式是:(1 Which of the following is right?(2 Which of the following is not mentioned?(3 Which of the following is Not True in thepassage?(4 Choose the right order of this passage.(5 From this passage we know _.3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是:(
4、1 The wo rd “ ” in the passage probably means _.(2 The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.(3 In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.(4 Here “it” means_.4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解,对文章各段,各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间,短语短之间的逻辑关系,其主要提问方式是:(1 Many visitors come to the writers city to _.(2
5、Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案,需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是:(1 We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.(2 We can infer from the text that _.(3 From the story we can guess _.6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。其主要提问方式是:(1 The writer
6、writes this text to _.(2 The writer believes that _.(3 The writer suggests that _.二、阅读理解题的方法和技巧1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意?最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的情况有三种:(1 主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文,议论文大都采用先总述,后分述
7、的叙事方法。例如:All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats anot
8、her kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. AnimalsB. PlantsC. Food ChainsD. Living Things(2 主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时,往往表述细节的句子在前,概述性
9、的句子在后,并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结,归纳或结论。例如If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer.They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothescost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they alwaysfit
10、better. In other words, some less expensive clothes looks better than more expensive clothes.(3 无主题句有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的,或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。例如Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees t
11、o make more honey(蜂蜜. So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖 and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian be
12、es outside.Scientists could not control(控制 the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups eve
13、ry five years.Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting(叮 many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.Already se
14、veral hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题:59. The best title of the passage is _.A. How to make more honeyB. Killer beesC. A foolish scientistD. How to feed killer bees2
15、.如何根据上下文猜测词义?猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context,正如英语辞典所解释的,其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此,我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:1 根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2 运用语法知识进行语法分析。3 依靠常识和经验做出判断。(1 根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理猜测义:例:As they go around town
16、, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.文章后面有这样一道题:53. In the text, “put an end to” means “_”.A. stopB. cutC.
