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1、Adverbs,Outline,1. 副词的构成 2. 副词的分类 3. 副词的功能 4. 副词的位置 5. 副词的排列顺序 6. 副词的比较等级 7. 易混淆副词 8. 练习题 9. Homework,副词的构成,一、大部分副词由相应的形容词加后缀-ly构成，但注意有变化：happyhappily subtlesubtlytruetruly looselooselydemocraticdemocraticallypublicpublicly dulldully,副词的构成,二、 有些副词是由介词或地点名词加后缀“-ward（s）”构成的，意为“向 ”，例如：forward(s), downw
2、ard(s), northward(s), leftward(s), onward(s), sunward(s), inward(s),副词的构成,三、某些以名词+-ly构成的词和其他结构的词，既可作副词，也可作形容词。例如：hourly, weekly, yearly, leisurelydaily paper vs. publish dailyquarterly review vs. meet quarterly,副词的构成,四、有些副词是由名词加后缀“-wise”构 成的，表示位置、方向、状态、有关等意义。例如：sidewise clockwise crabwise coastwise,
3、副词的构成,五、 有些副词是加a-/here-/there-/where-构成。例如：away ashore afoot afar herein hereby thereafter whereon whereby,副词的分类 （参考课本第405418页）,时间副词：now, lately, so far 地点副词: here, there, out 方式副词: hard, well, fast, slowly 程度副词: very, quite, almost, badly 频率副词: usually, constantly, rarely 疑问副词: how, where, when, wh
4、y 连接副词: however, therefore, why 关系副词: where, when, why 句子副词: anyway, naturally, please,副词的分类,Downing Street has so far refused to comment on these reports. The reports she was getting were highly satisfactory. Ill never forget his surprise when we told him. She is constantly changing her mind.,时间副词,
5、程度副词,连接副词,频率副词,副词的分类,The weather was cold. Therefore(Thus), we stayed home. Thats why I cried. But my pride, unfortunately, was the kind that goes before a fall.,连接副词,连接副词,句子副词,副词的功能,1. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、限定词（代词或副词）或整个句子。They completely ignored my views. He feels kind of tired. He drives extreme
6、ly carefully. She failed entirely through her own fault. We need approximately five students here. Hopefully we can get this done before dark.,修饰动词,修饰形容词,修饰副词,修饰介词,修饰句子,修饰数词,副词的功能,2. He was up late last night.One of the tyres is down. 作表语，说明主语的状态或特征。3. The buildings around are of modern style.Only s
7、he could come. 作定语，常放在名词之后，代词之前。,副词的功能,You can leave the goods anywhere but here. (介词宾语) It was a quiet night, with the moon high up in the sky. (宾语补足语) I went to her room only to find her out. I didnt know her until quite recently.,副词的位置 频率副词,1. I often see her walk in the park. You should constant
8、ly review your lessons. Conclusion: 频率副词置于行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词及助动词之后。,副词的位置 程度副词,I can hardly believe what he said. He nearly got run over by a car. It is dreadfully cold that day. 程度副词置于行为动词及其它所修饰词之前，系动词、情态动词及助动词之后。 Exercises and difficult points: I quite dont understand him. I dont quite understand him
9、.,我完全不了解他。,我不十分了解他,副词的位置 方式副词,方式副词一般放在动词后，但要注意在SVO句型中，若宾语较长，常把副词置于动词之前，以免造成歧义。例如：They secretly decided to leave the town. They decided to leave the town secretly.,副词的位置 地点副词和时间副词,地点和时间副词通常置于句首或句尾，几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。 She was always sitting by the statue at the center of the park in the city.,副词的排列次序,1
10、. 地点副词时间副词方式副词时间副词方式副词地点副词时间副词（有时，时间副词亦可放在句首）e.g. She sang beautifully in the hall last Friday. 方式 地点 时间,副词的排列顺序,2. 具体的笼统的小的大的 I saw the program at ten oclock yesterday evening.确切时间 具体时间 They ate in a Chinese restaurant in London.小地点 大地点但：We heard it last night, at about 11 oclock. (补充),副词的排列次序 练习题1
11、,A: _ . B: So did I.A. I saw her last Sunday at the partyB. I saw her at the party last SundayC. At the party I saw her last SundayD. At the party last Sunday I saw her,B,副词的排列顺序 练习题2,After the funeral, the residents of the apartment building _.A: sent faithfully flowers each week to the cemetery. B
12、: sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfully. C: sent flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week. D: sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.,C,副词的比较等级构成,单音节和个别双音节副词通过加后-er ，-est 构成比较级和最高级。 high higher highest fast faster fastest绝大多数副词借助more ，most 构成比较级和最高级 clearly more clearly mo
13、st clearly easily more easily most easily slowly more slowly most slowly,副词的比较等级构成,少数副词的比较等级的变化是不规则的 far （远） farther 较远 farthest(最远的） further （进一步） furthest （最远的）late （迟）later （较迟）latest 最近（时间） latter （后者）last 最近（顺序）,副词的原级句型,A+动词（实义动词）+as+副词的原级+as B. She loves the school as much as her own home. I c
14、ant speak so （as ）fast as you. 注意：asas结构后要直接跟表示时间、距离等的名词 ，不可加入介词。例如： The poem was written as early as in the 15th century. 误 The poem was written as early as the 15th century. 正,副词的比较级句型,1.A+动词（实义动词）+副词的比较级+than +B. I got up earlier than my mother this morning. She drives more carefully than her hus
15、band.2. 在下面句子中的than可以看作关系代词，有时相当于than what。 He meant more than was said. The medicine is more effective than is expected. Translation: 他现在拥有的房子比以前的更好。,He has now a better house than (what) belonged to him before.,副词的最高级句型,A+动词（实义动词）+（the ）副词的最高级+ of （in ） 注意： 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the ，所有副词最高级前面的the 都可以省略。Tom can run （the ）fastest in my school. She can dance （the ）best of all.好。 I jumped （the ）farthest in my class.,
