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1、高考英语短文改错 解题技巧,2015.12.10 Zhong Xiaojing,高考短文改错命题特点,1. 词数在100-120词左右； 2. 以书信、日记、记叙文为主； 3. 短文为学生生活中常见话题或身边事； 4. 以考查学生书面表达中的常见错误为主。,考点解析一、名词 重点考查名词单复数的误用，名词的格，名词前需不需要加冠词等。 【例】（2015年新课标I卷）The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 【析】air此处意思为空气，为不可数名词, 因此airs应改为air。,二、动词 重点考查时态和语态（尤其是上下文时态的一
2、致性）、主谓一致，非谓语动词形式的混用，情态动词的运用等；其中一般过去时的考查最频繁，2011-2015年五年中的四年均考查该时态。 【例1】（2015年新课标I卷）When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 【析】根据when I was a child可知是作者过去的想法，因此think应改为过去式thought。 【例2】Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a ver
3、y seriously problem. 【析】研究结果表明，因此have been show应改为主动形式have shown。,三、形容词和副词 重点考查形容词和副词的混用，比较级和最高级的运用，名词误用成形容词等。 【例】（2015年新课标I卷）Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 【析】修饰名词应用形容词，seriously是副词，因此应改为serious。,四、冠词 重点考查定冠词the和不定冠词a/an 的区别，冠词的固定短语，不定冠词a
4、和an的区别等。 【例】（2015年新课标I卷） Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 【析】in the countryside在乡村，为冠词的惯用法，因此，countryside前面应增加定冠词the。,五、代词 重点考查人称代词的格、数及前后所指代的是否一致，形容词性代词和名词性代词的混用，不定代词之间的区别等。 【例】（2015年新课标I卷）We must find ways to protect your environment. 【析】前文提及环境遭到污染，此处提出建议我们要保护（我们的）环境，因
5、此your应改为our，此处既考查了代词前后指代的一致性，又考查了上下文逻辑。,六、介词 重点考查介词在短语中的搭配，介词惯用法，介词的漏用和多用等。 【例】（2015年新课标I卷）Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【析】表达“随着”的短语中，介词应用with，因此on应改为with。,七、连词 重点考查连词的并用、选择、递进、转折等区别，重点理顺句意的表达；连词的考查往往结合句法的考查，其中并列句的考查最频繁，其次是状语从句，再是名词性从句。 【
6、例】（2015年新课标I卷）There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 【析】此句为并列句，前后句同为对家乡过去的描述，为并列关系，因此or应改为and。,设错方式需要注意的四不改,1.标点符号不改,2.大小写不改,3.单词拼写不改,4.语序错误不改,短文改错做题中的常见疑问,1. 看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对；2. 看出句子有错，但不知道怎么改正；,短文改错的失分原因,1、考生基础知识不够扎实全面、语法功底不够深厚，对英汉两种语言表达上的差异不甚清楚，使用时频频出现“中式英语”。,2、对高考短文改错题的命题方向缺乏了解，因而答题时缺乏
7、经验，思考的针对性、方向性很差。,积累,技巧,近三年高考短文改错考查知识点,短文改错的常见错误,1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。 2、名词的数与格的误用。 3、主谓不一致的错误。 4、代词的指代不一致的错误。 5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。 6、非谓语动词的误用。 7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。 8、关联词语的误用。 9、成分的多与少多一词或少一词。 10、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。,短文改错的解题步骤,1、通读短文，把握文意。快速阅读短文，了解短文大意，切忌拿到短文提笔就改。 2、先易后难，逐类排查。先找出比较明显的错误，逐步缩小错误的范围。 3、利用行文逻辑，突破改错难点
8、。有些行文逻辑错误，从词法、句法的角度看是正确的，但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的。 4、复读短文，检查答案，注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理。,考点应对策略归纳,1.抓主语，看谓语，主谓关系要统一（语态、时态、语气、形式需考虑）,1）An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.,2） Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. 3）She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
9、 4)Of course, when my mother was asked, “Have you” 5)Books may be keep for four weeks. 6)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.,kept,are,read,seen,2.关注名词性质，弄清可数与否。名词具有受限性，限制修饰要重视。,1)Kate covered it with a lot of Christmas light.,2)so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. 3)
10、Good health is persons most valuable possession. 4)Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.,5) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 6) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 7) There are branch lib
11、rary in many villages. 8) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.,a,water,times,libraries,time,lights,subjects,3.注意代词的指代是否明确，确保指代一致。,1) I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?”,2) Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves .,3) I read your e-ma
12、il to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me . 4)I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me. 5)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.,they,myself,their,we,4. 英汉词性易混乱，形、副、名、介较常见，成分关系是关键。形作定表，副作状，名词功能不能忘。,1.He came back lately last night. 2.
13、 I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 3. He asked angry if we had finished the work. 4. Charles said, “As soon as I see a real tall building, I want to climb it. 5. He practiced hard and past the driving-test. 6. Im sure well have a wonderfully time. 7. Unfortunate，there are too many people i
14、n my family. 8.The beautiful of the lake attracts us a lot.,late,quiet,angrily,really,passed,wonderful,Unfortunately,beauty,5.检验连接词语，分辨前后逻辑关系。,1.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. 2.I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. 3.It is a very importan
15、t exam but I cant afford to fail it. 4.She was smiling but nodding at me. 5.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way to a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there. 6.Id like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of inter
16、est or practicing my English as well.,but,and,and,and,But,and,6.介词也需谨慎看，搭配错误较常见。,1.Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed. 2. When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food . 3. At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. 4.After five years away in my hometown, I find that 5.As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, wed like to invite for you to the exhibition. 6. , so they are very strict in their children. 7. so that we can help each other on the course work.,
