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1、1UnitUnit 4 4 EarthquakesEarthquakes .阅读理解A AMike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwins Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement：As an online discussion grows longer, a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made.Godwins Law is applicable to online
2、 discussions in forums, chat rooms, and on blogs. The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary：Godwins Law: noun. A facetious aphorism(有趣的格言) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length, it becomes certain that someone will eventually compare someone or something to Adol
3、f Hitler or the Nazis.Although _coined_ to describe an Internet phenomenon, the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts.A complaint by many forum users is that the socalled law is ending discussion. One makes a Nazi comparison and another cries, “You said Hitler, so I w
4、in！” At that point, the discussion ends. The term has created a verb, “to Godwin， ” as in, “You Godwined this discussion！”The mention of Godwins Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion. Here is a complaint voiced by a forum user：It seems like Godwins Law is becoming a real probl
5、em for any sort of discussion on the internet. Whenever Hitler, or Nazis, is brought up in a discussion, the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at. This would be a problem if people mention Godwins Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the topic at
6、hand.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了高德温法则的来历以及意义，并举例对其进行说明。1What will certainly happen according to “Godwins Law” if the online discussion is lengthened?AThe debaters will maintain their justice.BThe debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis.CThe debaters will earn a place in the forum.DThe debaters will become very sic
7、k and tired.2解析 B B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，当网上辩论时间变长时，参加讨论的人非常有可能会提到希特勒或者纳粹分子，故选 B 项。2What does the underlined word “coined” in the fifth paragraph mean probably?ABuilt. BAdapted. CClassified. DInvented.解析 D D 词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，Godwins Law 这个词一开始是用来描述网络现象的，后来又开始用于其他情境，所以该画线词表示“创造(新词语)” ，故选 D 项。3What is the menti
8、on of “Godwins Law” viewed as in a discussion?AA way of objection. BA way of complaint.CA way of ending it. DA way of creating words.解析 C C 细节理解题。 根据第六段第一句和第七段第一句以及两段中给出的具体例子可知，某讨论一旦出现这样的类比即意味着结束，故选 C 项。B B(2018辽宁五校高三模拟)Shortness of breath has many different causes, and the treatment of it is specif
9、ic for each cause.4_ There are, however, some following first aid steps you can use to treat it, at least until the ambulance arrives or youre able to get the victim to a hospital. 5_ The more energy you spend, the more oxygen you use and the more short of breath you feel. Think about a good workout
10、 at the gym. Exercise hard enough and you will feel short of breath. The cure? Take a break. LetLet thethe victimvictim sit,sit, standstand oror lielie whereswheres thethe mostmost fortable. Therere lots of myths about how some body positions supposedly provide more airflow. Coaches regularly tell p
11、layers to hold their arms above their heads to maximize chest expansion. Nursing staff assume the “tripod position” is the best position.6_ UseUse oxygen.oxygen. This is a special case used only for people with chronic lung problems. If the victim has oxygen available, this is what its for.7_ The vi
12、ctim may have been told by his or her doctor that too much oxygen for too long might cause more problems. Assure the victim that sudden increases in shortness of breath are the instances in which oxygen is needed most. 3TreatTreat thethe causecause ofof shortnessshortness ofof breath.breath.8 8_ Ast
13、hma patients, for example, often have multiple tools and drugs to fix sudden shortness of breath. Victims of lung infections may need to see a doctor and heart attack victims may need an ambulance.AHave the victim rest. BTake more exercise at the gym. CThe victim should use his or her oxygen as dire
14、cted by a doctor. DTherere many causes of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable. EThe victim can try to avoid making use of his or her oxygen whenever possible. FEvery person is different, however, so let the victim decide what position is the most comfortable. GIn many cases, the only
15、way to treat shortness of breath is to call 911 or take the victim to a doctor. 语篇导读本文为说明文，主要讲述了呼吸困难的发生有很多原因，同时提出了四种急救方法。4解析 G G 顺承关系。本段主要讲呼吸困难有很多原因，治疗呼吸困难有不同的方法，因此空处应讲治疗呼吸困难的一般方法，且与下文构成转折关系，故选 G 项。5解析 A A 总分关系。根据本段中的 The cure? Take a break 可知，本段主要讲让患者休息这种方法，故选 A 项。6解析 F F 递进关系。根据第三段的主题句可知，此处表示每个人感觉
16、舒服的姿势都不同，所以空处应讲让病人决定最舒服的姿势，故选 F 项。7解析 C C 递进关系。根据本段的主题句可以判断，此处指要在医生指导下使用氧气，故选 C 项。8解析 D D 顺承关系。根据空处上下文可以判断，此处表示呼吸困难有很多原因，并且其中很多都是可以治疗的，故选 D 项。.完形填空Sarah lived on a farm with her family. She was _1_ to learn to track, to identify each person and where they were going by the marks they left on the ground. And if her fathe
