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1、福州市 2015 高考英语【三月】阅读类训练（1）及答案【由上海市徐汇区 2014 诊断卷改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined
2、the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a perso
3、n is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful u
4、se of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand
5、 language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all ones capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say. At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinct
6、ion between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our think
7、ing to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识） activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like str
8、uggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects present
9、ed to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the conce
10、pts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.1、According to the theory of “thought“ devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_.A. talking to the soul B. concealed spe
11、echC. speaking nonverbally D. a non-linguistic behavior2、What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances ones capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Langua
12、ge and thinking are generally distinguishable.3、According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we_. A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words 4、Why a
13、re patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts. B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery. D. Thinking is independent of language.【参考答案】14、BADC阅读理解Life can present us with many surprises, di
14、sappointments, obstacles and even tragedies. Its important to learn how to be more positive in spite of difficulties, because a positive attitude helps us achieve more in life. Think more positive thoughts in life. Focus on exchanging your negative thoughts for positive ones. Make it a habit every d
15、ay to get out of bed thinking more positive thoughts and engage your mind in preparing positive plans for a good dayat home, in school or at work. Feel more positive emotions. Choose to have positive feelings whenever a challenge or an opportunity awakens your emotions. You can be more positive at h
16、ome, in school or at work by developing good thoughts that cause more positive feelings to surface, instead of negative ones. Use your positive thoughts and feelings to handle difficult tasks with a positive attitude. Harvest more positive benefits. Enjoy the rewards of your more positive thoughts, feelings and behavior in lifethrough success in school, accomplishments at work and happiness at home. You will have earned them! Help others be more positive in l
