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1、浙江省宁波市浙江省宁波市 2015 高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（4）及答案）及答案阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The term “underemployment” has three related meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone with excellent job qualifications (资格) is working in a position that requires less qualificatio
2、ns, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, it means working part-time when one would prefer to be working full-time. In the third sense, it is a form of overstaffing (人浮于事) in which employees are not being fully made use of. All forms of underemployment ha
3、ve effect on the economy and the health of the business community. Long-term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employment situations. When nations collect employment statistics, they usually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individuals, using that number to judge the h
4、ealth of the job market. This number does not include part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, as they are considered employed, and it also doesnt reflect workers who are underpaid, considering their qualifications. In the first sense, underemployment is a common problem in many of the develope
5、d world. Many people with college degrees are working in low-level or service industry jobs because the job market is full. The issue of part-time employment is also very serious. Some people are forced into part-time jobs, while others find themselves taking a part-time job because nothing else is
6、available, even though they really need to work full-time. This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment, where employers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part-time staffs, rather than keeping a full staff at all times. In the sense of shortage of workers, underemploymen
7、t appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, qualified workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours, l
8、eading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do. 1. The purpose of the passage is . A. to show underemployment is becoming more serious todayB. to imply women are laid off more than menC. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”D. to tell the present economic situatio
9、ns2. According to the text, underemployment means . A. the same meaning as the wordunemployedB. employees are not fully taken charged ofC. qualified workers get a low salaryD. people who do manual work for wages3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, . A. the underpaid workers are includedB. it
10、 implies the people who are jobless C. the part-time employees are included D. it shows the employment situation of a country4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph? A. Underemployment only occurs in advanced countries. B. People with college degrees sometimes take a part-
11、time job. C. Part-time staffs seems benefit from firms less. D. Companies need full-time staffs indeed. 5. Some companies maintain a full staff . A. to compete with others in the future B. to make preparations for seasonal workC. to get the skilled workers paid D. to obey labor laws and union pressu
12、res【参考答案】15、CBBAB ATemperature is measured by means of a thermometer (温度计). One general form of thermometer depends upon the fact that most solids and liquids expand as their temperature rises. There are one or two exceptions. There is, for instance, a kind of steel called invar (from “invariable”)
13、which does not change its dimensions as temperature changes; it is valuable for making pendulums (钟摆), since, if the length of a pendulum changes, its time of vibration changes. It is also used for making very accurate measuring scales. In both cases, then, changes of atmospheric temperature have no
14、 effect if invar is used. Another exception is that very odd liquid, water, which has many strange properties (特性). As water gets colder it contracts (收缩), which is ordinary behavior, until it reaches the temperature of 30. above freezing point. After that, as it gets colder, it expands. This is for
15、tunate-for considering the freezing of a pond. As the water on top gets colder, it shrinks; and so, volume for volume, it becomes heavier and sinks. This goes on until all the pond is at 30, but after that, as the water becomes colder it expands. Therefore the colder water stays on top and freezes,
16、covering the pond with ice. If the water went on contracting down to the freezing point, the pond would become a solid block of ice in the end. This would not worry people who live in hot climates, but it would be very serious for those who live in cold climates, especially for those who want to break the ice and catch fish which live in the cold water beneath.1. Invar is valuable for making pendulums because _.A. it can hardly change its shape or size as tempera
