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1、第 1 页 共 20 页 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b. v-ing c. 过去分词 概述概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所 有成分 非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的 情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定
2、式动词不定式 一一动动词词不不定定式式的的时时态态和和被被动动形形 式式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形 构成。不定式的形式有五种： 1.一般式 to do I like to read English. 2.进行式 to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3.完成式 to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4.被动式 to be done The work is to be done soon. 5.完成被动式 to have
3、 been done The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 疑问词疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式 What, who, which, where, when, how, why 等疑问词构成不定式短 语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。 二二. 动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法 I.作主语作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用 it 做形式主语，将 to
4、do 位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型句型 1：It + 谓语 +(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to do 第 2 页 共 20 页 It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus. It costs you only $ 100 a month to cook at home. It seemed impossible to save money. 句型句型 2：Its + n. (+ for sb) + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our
5、 holiday in the countryside It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. 句型 3： It is + adj （+ for sb） to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ） It is + adj （+ of sb） to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of yo
6、u to speak to the teacher like that. 疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 作主语作主语 When to start remains undecided. 1. It is easy to get there by bus or taxi. 2. It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds. 3. It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating. 4. Its our duty to take good care of the old
7、. 5. How long did it take you to finish the work? 6. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 7. When to start has not been decided. 8. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 9. Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 10. It is useful for our
8、health to do morning exercises. II.作宾语作宾语 接不定式做宾语 I want to know this matter. I dont expect to meet you here (1)常见动词有常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, fail, manage, learn, seem, forget, want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish 等 They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didnt they?
9、 He said he wished _to be ( be ) a professor. (2)it 作形式宾语作形式宾语 第 3 页 共 20 页 I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought _it_ better _to_ start early. 2.Do you consider _it_ better not
10、_to_ go? 3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that. 4.We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law. 5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day. (3)疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 作宾语作宾语 常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语： tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain He taught us how to us
11、e the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. The dictionary didnt tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word. (4) 作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语。 Cant choose but do Cant help but do/have no choice to do Do nothing but do Practice: 1. Would you like to go to Thailand? (would like to do sth
12、.) 2. The driver failed to see the other car in time. 3. I think it our duty to obey the laws. 4. Do you know how to play football? 5. I found it difficult to see him here. 6. Here are some ideas about how to find cheap, fun things to do with your family on weekends. 7. Many people like to go to a r
13、estaurant. 8. I havent decided whether to go or stay. 9. Everyone wants to have a happy weekend. 10. She hope Ill advise her which to choose. III.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 1. Ill get someone _to_ repair the recorder for you. 2. What caused him _to_ change his mind? v.+ sb.+ to do advise, allow, ask, beg, cause,
14、expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, 第 4 页 共 20 页 request+ sb. to do 注意：（1）在动词 feel （一感） ，hear, listen to（二听） ，have, let, make（三使） ，notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即： 吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带 to，但变 为被动语态后，必须带 to。 v.+ sb.+
15、 do Lets go to Thailand right now. （let sb. do sth.） They saw the boy fall off the tree. (see sb. do sth.) The boy was seen to fall off the tree. He is often heard to sing (sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate cry (cry).Today he was made to cry(cry) by his deskmate. (make sb. do sth.) (
16、2)help 后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to,也可以不带 to. I often help him（to）clean the room. help sb. (to) do sth. I helped him (to) find his things. 比较： The professor told the students how to do the experiment . The professor told the students to do the experiment. Practice: 1. No one lets you sit in the office. 2. I want you to know some rules. 3. I heard her sing today. She sang wonderful. 4. We watched the children play games. 5. Do you feel the house shake? 6.T
