《江苏省怀仁中学高二英语《m5u1 getting along with others：不定式&动名词（教师版）》学案》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《江苏省怀仁中学高二英语《m5u1 getting along with others：不定式&动名词（教师版）》学案（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、动词不定式动词不定式 指出下列不定式在句中的成分：指出下列不定式在句中的成分： 1. Its important for us to learn English well. 2. The teacher told the students to be quiet .(object complement) 3. My dream is to be admitted to a key university.(predicative) 4.You have every right to feel betrayed (attribute) 5.she wanted to embarrass you i
2、n public(object) 6.It seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a friend!( Adverbial object) 7. , one of you has to be the first to admit (object) (attribute) I. 构成形式构成形式 动词不定式基本形式是由 “ to + 动词原形” 构成，但也有变体： 主动被动 一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done 进行式to be doing完成进行式have been
3、 doingII. 用法要点讲解用法要点讲解 一做主语一做主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time + to do to How long did it take you to finis
4、h the work? Itbe形容词形容词for sbto do (difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary) It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词形容词of sbto do (careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等), 相当于 sb. is形容词t
5、o do 句式 ，It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.Its kind of you to help me with my English. =You are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears)形容词形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 二、作宾语二、作宾语 直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, ex
6、pect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish 等等I decided to ask for my money back. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之 后，即：主语动主语动 词词it补语补语to do 句式句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor
7、. 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如 but, except 等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。 一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带 to，如果 but 或 except 前面有 do, does, did, to do 时， 通常省略 to。 e.g. 1) The bus hadnt come. We had no choice but to wait.= We could do nothing but wait.2)The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do
8、 but watch TV. 三、做表语三、做表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作； 当句子的主语是 aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose 等或者主语是 what 引导的名词性从句时，后可用不 定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 e.g. Our most important task now is to make a plan. 作表语的不定式都带 to，但当主语部分有实义动词 do 时，to 可以省略。 e.g. The only thing we can do now is w
9、ait and see. 四、作定语四、作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next train to arrive is from Washington. Do you have anything to wash? 你有什么要洗吗？Do you have anything to be washed? 你有什么要（别人）洗吗？ Would you please give me some paper to write on? My wish to visit France has come true at last. 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：
10、 1)表示将来的动作（例）。 2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。 3)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例to arrive=that will arrive。 五、作补足语五、作补足语 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求接宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、 状态、 特征，这时意思才相对完整。 (1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive（强迫），（强迫），encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would
11、like (love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等。如： Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分动词后常接部分动词后常接 to be形容词、名词短语等形式，有时形容词、名词短语等形式，有时 to be 可省略，如：可省略，如：believe, consider, discover, find(=consider),feel(=
12、think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand 等。等。 We all believe John (to be) honest. I consider him (to be) one of the best teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但当不定式是完成式时，to 不能省略，如：We consider him to have been foolish. (3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略
13、to。 I didnt hear anyone say anything about it. They make the students do too much homework every day. 在变为被动语态时，to 不能省略，如第句：The students are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help 后面的后面的“to“可有可无。可有可无。如： Would you please help me (to) fill in the tax form? (5)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾
14、补，如：ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for（渴望），（渴望），prepare for, wish for eg. 1）You may depend on them to be there early. 2）The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 2. 作主语补足语作主语补足语 不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如： He was not allowed to enter the cla
15、ssroom for being late. The young university student is considered to have great promise. 六、作状语六、作状语 作目的状语作目的状语 I stayed there to see what would happen. Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor. 为了强调，不定式前可加 in order 或 so as。如： Bob took down my telephone number so as (in or
16、der) not to forget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把 in order to 或不定式置于句首，但 so as to 不能这样用。在这 种句式中不定式部分可转换为 so that, in order that,成为目的状语从句， 如： I stayed there so that (in order that) I could see what would happen. 作原因状语作原因状语 在部分表示感情色彩感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished, glad, happy, laugh, pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised 等。 We are glad to hear the news. I was surprised
