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1、第十二周 定 语 从 句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句 The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang. 我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010北 京高考) 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 Id like a room whose window (the window of
2、 which) looks out over the sea. 我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。 规律总结 (1)who 和 whom 指人，who 在定语从句中作主语；whom 在定语从句中作宾语，在限 制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who 代替 whom。 (2)whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用 of which 取代。 2that, which 引导定语从句 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。 All
3、 the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 This is the best play that was written by Jack. 这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。 That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012全国卷) 那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。 规律总结 (1)that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语
4、或表语时可 省略。指物时其用法和 which 大致相同，但也有区别。 (2)which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。 (3)下列情况只用 that 不用 which： 先行词是 all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词； 先行词被 all, any, every, no, little, much, some 等词修饰； 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； 先行词被 the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last
5、修饰； 先行词中既有人也有物； 在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2013新课标 全国卷) 当我到达时，Bryan 带我去看了我将要住的房子。 I shall never forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm. 我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。 The reason why I dont trust him is that
6、he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 这就是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？ They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference to
7、morrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 规律总结 1关系副词 when, where, why 的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为 reason)的名 词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。 2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用 which/that。 3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage 等，如果引导 词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词 that/which。 三、 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 Trading
8、 leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2012天津高考) 我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(2013重庆高考) 约翰邀请了大
9、约 40 人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 规律总结 1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用 which。另外， whose 也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。 2该结构中介词的选用 (1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手： 先行词的意义； 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配； 句子的意思。 (2)表示
10、“整体和部分关系” ，介词常用 of。常见结构： 在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each 等代词或数词的前、 后可以用 of which/whom。 the比较级或最高级前、后用 of which/whom 等。 四、as, which 引导定语从句 The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012福建高考) 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个
11、城市的空气质量已有所改善。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽高考) 莫言被授予 2012 年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句) Last term o
12、ur maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句) 上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。 规律总结 1as 作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像” ，as 引导的句子可
13、放在句首、句末或句中。 2as 常用在下列习惯用语中： as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown 等。 3which 引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。 4 “such/so . that .”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句； 而“such/so . as .”表“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as 在从句中充当主 语、宾语或表语等。 5 “the same . that .”表同一人或物，
14、而“the same . as .”表同种类的东西。 五、way 和 time 后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the wayError!Error! he said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 The way Error!Error! he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. 这是总统第二次访问
15、这个国家了。 This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。 规律总结 1在定语从句中，the way 在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是 in which, that 或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用 that 或 which。 2先行词是 time，若 time 作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词 that 引导定语从句，that 可省略；若 time 作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状
16、语时，应用关系副词 when 或介词 at/duringwhich 引导定语从句。 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 1(2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. Awhom Bwho Cwhat Dwhich 解析：选 B 句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先 行词是 those，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词 who 引导定语从句。 2(2013福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. Awhose Bthat Cw
