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1、第七周 时态和语态(一)时 态一、一般现在时Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.(2013湖南高考)每晚两点左右，休就开始说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the exp
2、eriment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。规律总结1主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语。2表示客观规律和永恒真理。3在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day；条件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as。4用于
3、 here, there 开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。二、一般过去时Could you please repeat your address? I didnt quite catch it.你能不能再重复一下你的地址？我没听清。Long time no see! Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing.好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。I always got up late, and never had enou
4、gh time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed.(2013重庆高考)我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。规律总结1表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time 等。2表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。3表示
5、过去经常、反复发生的动作。4在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。三、一般将来时“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs Crawford. “Oh, I will be president， ” said the boy, with a smile.(2013湖南高考)“你想成为什么样的人？”克劳福德夫人问。 “哦，我要当总统。 ”小男孩笑着说。Do you know Mr Smith has come to our town?No. I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我现
6、在就去看他。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看这乌云，要下雨了。Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of faith open before you.(2012湖南高考)关上你身后的恐惧之门，你将会发现信心之门在你面前敞开。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.我们必须快点。第一节课将在 8 点开始。规律总结1将来时的构成为 will/shall/be going to动词原形。表示一
7、个将要发生的动作或状态。2will, shall 表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。3 “be going to动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事” ，此外，be going to 还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。4 “祈使句and/or句子” ，这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。5某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。四、现在进行时Hurry up, kids！The school bus is waiting for us！(2013四川高考)孩子们，快点！校车在等我们
8、！I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不真正在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了(我就走)。“The moment is coming soon， ” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.(2012湖南高考)“这一刻就要来到了， ”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。He is always making the same mistake, which makes his teacher upset.他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师
9、生气。规律总结1现在进行时的构成为 am/is/aredoing。表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，虽然此时动作不一定正在进行，常与 these days, this week 等时间状语连用。2现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do 等。3表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与 always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time
10、 等连用。五、过去进行时Jim was watching a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(2013陕西高考)吉姆正在家里看午夜电影，就在看到一个惊险场面的时候，电视变得一片空白。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。I was coming to visit you later that da
11、y, but I had to phone and cancel.(2013江西高考)我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。规律总结1过去进行时的构成为 was/weredoing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。2表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come 等。六、将来进行时I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.(2012辽宁高考)我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候
12、我就要飞往上海了。The places of interest in Xian attract my family all the time, and I hope we will be enjoying ourselves this time next year.(2014陕西五校模拟)西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。规律总结将来进行时的构成为 willbedoing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。七、现在完成时Have you heard about the recent election?Sure, it has been th
13、e only thing on the news for the last three days.(2013湖南高考)你听说过近期的选举吗？当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.(2011陕西高考)他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.(2011湖南高考)这是自从我到这个学校以来所
14、参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。This is the first time that we have faced such a problem.这是我们第一次面对这样的问题。规律总结1现在完成时的构成为 have/hasdone 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与 up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just 等表示时间的词连用。2用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。3在“It (This) is the best (w
15、orst, most interesting 等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。4在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third . timethat 从句”中，that 从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。八、过去完成时Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before.汤姆和我在 2000 年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexp
16、ected visitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.(2011辽宁高考)杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。规律总结1过去完成时的构成为 haddone。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动
