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1、2015 高考英语北师大版一轮复习语法（高考英语北师大版一轮复习语法（5）：专题五）：专题五 定语从句（讲解及答案）定语从句（讲解及答案）专题五专题五 定语从句定语从句定语从句的考查要点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some，any，every和 no与body，thing 的合成词；或 all，none，any，some，that，those 等代词。数词也可
2、以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as 等关系副词：when，where，why 等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we
3、can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被 all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few 等修饰时。(3)先行词为 all，much，little，none，few，something，anything 等不定代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels
4、that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(6)当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me？7.宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)在关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是 that 时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。8.关系词 who 与 that 指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是 there be 句型时，关系词
5、用 who。(2)先行词是 anyone，those，someone，everyone，one 等词时，关系词用 who。(3)当主句是 who 作疑问词时，关系词用 that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window？(4)whom 在从句中只作宾语，可被 who 取代。9.whose 作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving？There is a room，whose window faces the river.10.关系代词 as 在从句中作
6、主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被 such 和 the same 修饰，或句型 as many(much)中，从句都用 as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.注意：such.that.引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。the same.that.引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just
7、now.(2)无先行词的定语从句用 as 和 which 引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样” 。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam，as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.As is known，the earth is round.题组训练 1用适当的关系代词填空1.The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2
8、.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.3.I have three foreign teachers， two of whom are from Canada.4.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.5.This is the only way that
9、 we can find at present.6.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.11.关系副词 when 与 where，why，thatwhen 指时间in/at/on/during whichwhere 指地点in/at/from whichwhy 指原因for whichthat 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代 when，where，why 和“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为 the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中 that
10、 常被省略。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks.This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.题组训练 2用适当的关系副词填空1.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy icecream.2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two o
11、r three weeks.3.Can you work out a way(that/in which) we can solve this problem.4.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.5.I didnt know the reason (why) he came late.12.必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调句中 it 无意义，that/who 不是引导词。去掉 it
12、 is/was 和 that/who 后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that 充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that 不充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)We expressed to th
13、em our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是 which 和 whom。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中 one 为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中 students 为先
14、行词)Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday？He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.语法与写作用定语从句翻译下面的句子1.我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。 (2013重庆写作一)W
15、e students should often exchange ideas with our parents，who are rich in experience，and above all，love us most in the world.2.很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。 (2013山东写作)Im sorry I couldnt reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately.3.总之，能够在短时间内赢得他们的友谊是我一生中感到最自豪的事。(2013浙江书面表达)In a word，being a
16、ble to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life.4.因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(2013广东读写任务) Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers.5.我让他给你带去你以前要的中国画。(2013新课标全国书面表达)Ive asked him to bring you the Chinese painting youve asked for before.语法填空AMany birds come to the Arctic in the summer to live and breed 1.but not
