《跨文化沟通培训讲义》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《跨文化沟通培训讲义（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、跨文化沟通培训,Learning Objectives,By this end of this chapter, you should be able to: Understand how language and culture are closely linked Understand cultural influences on some commonly observed differences between English and Chinese Distinguish denotational and connotational meanings of words,Learnin
2、g Objectives,Distinguish linear and nonlinear language, deductive and inductive patterns Make cross-cultural comparisons of different pragmatic rules used in various speech acts and verbal styles,Means of Human Communication,Verbal communication Using words that have mutually understood meanings and
3、 a set of rules Nonverbal communication Edward T. Hall refers to it as the “silent language”,The Relationship Between Language and Culture,1. The influence of culture on language2. The influence of language on culture,The Influence of Culture on Language,1. Language as a reflection of the environmen
4、t Language reflects the environment in which we live. We label things that are around us. (examples) The environment influences the development of technology, products, and the appropriate vocabulary. (examples),The Influence of Culture on Language,2. Language as reflection of values Language reflec
5、ts cultural values. Language is a mirror of culture, because language reflects human relationships, reflects the way the society operates. Example: Chinese kinship terms reflect the importance of our family system.,Linguistic Determinism,Linguistic Relativity,Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,The Influence of
6、Language on Culture,Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,Language not only serves as a mechanism for communication , but a guide to social reality. Reality for a culture is discoverable in its language,Linguistic Determinism,Language structure controls thought and cultural norms The world as each of us knows it i
7、s to a large extent predetermined by the language of our culture The differences between languages represent basic differences in the worldview of diverse cultures.,Linguistic Relativity,Linguistic characteristics and cultural norms influence each other. Culture is controlled by and controls languag
8、e. Language provides the conceptual categories that influence how its speakers perception are encoded and stored.,Cultural Impact on Verbal Communication,At lexical levelAt discourse levelAt pragmatic level,1. At lexical level,Denotational meaning,Connotational meaning,a word,Meanings of Words,Meani
9、ngs of Words,Denotational meaning It refers to a definitional meaning depending upon our choice of word selection. Denotation means a dictionary definition. Connotational meaning It refers to extended meanings or associated meanings. Connotational meanings have developed over time through use by peo
10、ple and especially by poets and writers.,Comparison between English and Chinese,Some words have the same denotational and conntational meanings. There are also many words with the same denotational meanings but different connotational meanings. Both denotational and connotatinal meanings are differe
11、nt in many other words.,Examples,Dove: peace Fox: cunning Owl: wisdom Bat: an evil animal Cricket: a happy insect Dragon: fierceness,鸽子：和平鸽 狐狸：像狐狸一样狡猾 猫头鹰：坏运气 蝙蝠：福，幸福，洪福 蟋蟀：哀愁 龙：龙袍，龙的传人(Chinese Dragon),Cultural Associations of Color,Business Implications,International businesspersons may encounter p
12、roblems with such connotational meanings of colors. International marketers need to know what associations certain culture has in terms of colors and how they might affect product design, packaging, and advertising messages.,2. At discourse level,Linear and nonlinear languageDeductive an inductive p
13、atterns,Linear VS. Nonlinear Language,Linearhas a beginning and an end Logical and objective,Nonlinear Circular Tradition-orientated Subjective,Styles of Paragraph Development,直线型（英语） 平行对仗型（闪族语） 螺旋型（东方语言） 迂回转折型（拉丁语系） 更自由的迂回转折型（俄语）,Styles of Paragraph Development,直线型English 英语,平行对仗型 Semitic 闪族语 （阿拉伯语
14、）,螺旋型 Oriental 东方语言 （汉语）,迂回转折型 Romance 拉丁语系 （法语、西班牙语）,迂回转折型 （更自由的） Russian,Deductive VS. Inductive thought patterns,DeductiveFrom the general to the specific Western,Inductive From the specific to the general Eastern,Example 1,Because of most of our production is done in China now, and its not reall
15、y certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1999, and since I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. So, I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision.,Example 2,I suggest that we delay
16、making our decision until after Legco makes its decision. Thats because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. In addition to that, most of our production is done in China now, and its not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1999.,Deductive vs. Inductive,X Comment, main point, or action suggested Because of Y Topic, background, or reason,Because of Y topic, background, or reason X comment, main point, or action suggested,
