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1、1,减词法/省略,王贵华,2,一、基本概念,省略法是指在翻译是舍去原文中需要而译文中不需要的成分。“省略或减词基本上是改善汉语行文的手段。英文中有些词在译文中不一定个个都要写出来，写了不能算错，但省略掉会使译文更简洁。主要有两种情况： 原文中的某些词所表达的意思已经融入译文中，无须再用一个专门的词汇来表达，特别是译入语中没有或不活跃的词类。也就是说，译文中虽无其词而已有其意，不言而喻。 原文中某些重复的表达，在译文中可以承前或承后省略。注意：省略不是把原文中的思想内容随意删去，而只是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘，抑或违背译入语习惯的词。,3,二、省略代词：人称代词（主格、宾格）、物主代
2、词,But its the way I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气，我虽然几经努力，我却未能改变过来。Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but she had nowhere to put it and she couldnt possibly throw it away. 这时劳拉宁愿她手里没有这块涂上黄油的面包，她拿着又没有地方放，她又不可能扔掉。The more he tr
3、ied to hide his warts, the more he revealed them. 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露他们。She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him it. 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像要感谢他（好像表示感谢）。,4,二、省略代词：泛指的人称代词,We live and learn. 我们活到老，学到老。You can never tell. 你很难说。Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China. 新
4、中国你处处可以看到新人、新事物。Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he know that this in itself was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind. 尽管医生建议休息，他知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静，一个人是休息不好的。,5,You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again. 请你原谅我，我以后不再提这事了。He sat, cursing himse
5、lf, till his tea was stewed. 他坐着咒骂自己，直到把他的茶煮浓了。I am 78 years old; I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months. 我七十八岁了；由于患了瘫痪性中风，十四个月来一直呆自己房间。 我七十八岁了；中风导致瘫痪，十四个月来一直出不了门。,6,三、省略连词,He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。Despite the privation, and the mounting toll
6、of dead and wounded, morale remained intact, and people still smile in the street. 尽管供应不足，伤亡增加，然而士气并未受到影响。街上，人们照常脸有笑容。We know spring was coming because we had seen a robin. 我们看到了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Youve got to be careful of these eastern lawyers.
7、If you are not careful, theyll take you and turn you inside out. 对这些东部的律师可得小心/提防。你若一不小心，他们就会抓/逮住你，把你整的够呛。At last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front. 一九四四年六月六日，在欧洲战局基本已见分晓、希特勒败局已定之后，盟军才终于开辟了（他们的）久违的西线战场。,7
8、,I can do it, and so can you. 我能做，所以你也能做。When the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colors. 当纸板慢慢旋转的时候，你就能看出各种不同颜色。If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home. 假如明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。As the temperature increases, the volume of water becomes greater. 随着温度增高，水的体积就增大。,8,四、省略介词,Th
9、e peoples Republic of China was found in 1949. 一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。 中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 一九五六年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河。Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所禁止吸烟。Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 该国各地怨声载道。“Contrary, then,” answered another, in de
10、ep but softened tones. “And now, kiss me, for minding so well.” “那好，相反，”另一个人以深沉而柔和的语调答道。“那就亲亲我吧， 我学得这么用心。”,9,And on June 5, 1985, well celebrate our victory. 一九八五年六月五日，我们将庆祝胜利。Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 仓库禁止吸烟。 仓库重地，禁止吸烟。Many factories have been set up since liberation in their home
11、town. 解放以来，他们的故乡建立了许多新的工厂。,10,五、省略冠词,A teacher should have patience in his work. 当教员的应当有耐心。The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益的动物。The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。The girl standing at the window is his sister. 站在窗口的（那个）姑娘是他妹妹。,11,I saw a boy and a girl on my way home. The boy and h
12、ad a book and the girl a doll. 我回家时，看见一个男孩子和一个女孩子。男孩子拿着一本书，女孩子抱着一个洋娃娃。When I got to the wharf, the steamer had already started. 当我到码头的时候，汽船已经开了。A boy is always a boy. 孩子总是孩子。,12,六、适当省略原文重复或在汉语中略显啰嗦的表达,Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about
13、and starved me. 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。As scheduled, American and Chinese diplomats met on January 20, at the Chinese Embassy. It was their first get-together in more than two years. 美中两国外交官按照预定计划于一月二十日在（波兰）中国大使馆会晤。这是两年来第一次。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先。There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天没有下雪，树叶从树上落下来，草叶枯死了。 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。,
