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1、特殊句式,要点精析 一、倒装 1完全倒装 谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种： (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时。 In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.,在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。 South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸
2、。 Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。 Then came the order to take off. 起飞的命令到了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。,注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went. 他们走了。 Over it turns! 它翻过来了。,例 (2009上海)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away_. A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing
3、D. fled the thief 解析：本题考查了全部倒装句。句意：听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。表地点方位的副词away放于句首时，句子要全部倒装。正常的语序是“The thief fled away.”故选D。 答案：D,(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor. 我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。,2部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首
4、时。 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那时，我们才决定以暴制暴。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才能查明事实真相。,注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。 Only you can solve the problem. 只有你能解决这个问题。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, har
5、dly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Never before have I seen such a moving film.I have never seen such a moving film before.,以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a single mistake did he make.He didnt make a single mist
6、ake. 他一个错误也没犯。,例 (2009陕西)Little_about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 解析：本题考查倒装语序。句意：虽然身处险境，Rose却丝毫不在乎她个人的安危。否定副词little置于句首，全句主谓需部分倒装。且though引导的从句时态为一般过去时。故选A。 答案：A,(3)hardly.when., no sooner.than., not onl
7、y.but also.等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。但当neither.nor.引导两个分句时，两个分句都要部分倒装。 Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. 他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。 Neither do I know, nor does she. 我不知道，她也不知道。,(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应，
8、neither, nor与前面的否定句相呼应。 They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友，残疾人也是如此。 I dont know who he is, nor do I want to know. 我不知道他是谁，我也不想知道。,注意：so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 It is too hot.天太热了。 So it is. 是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so/such.that.句式中，如果so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So dark
9、was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions. 天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。 So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. 他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能听见。,例 (2010东城检测)_that all mountain roads were closed. ASo became
10、 the dangerous weather BSo dangerous did the weather become CSo dangerous became the weather DDangerous the weather became so 解析：考查倒装和固定句式。句意：天气如此危险，所有的山路都被封闭了。在“so.that.”结构中，若so位于句首，从句要倒装。本句相当于“The weather became so dangerous that all mountain roads were closed.”。故选B。 答案：B,(6)以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，
11、其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。though引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为“adj./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.as/though主语谓语”。 Young as/though she is, she has seen much of the world. 她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。 Woman as she is, she is courageous. 她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。,例 (2009重庆)Unsatisfied_with the payment, he took the job just to
12、get some work experience. Athough was he Bthough he was Che was though Dwas he though 解析：句意：尽管对工资不满意，但为了获得工作经验，他还是接受了这份工作。though引导状语从句可用倒装的形式，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，但主谓顺序不变。though引导的从句也可以不倒装，前半句可写为：Though he was unsatisfied with the payment。故选B。 答案：B,(7)省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词had或情态动词should
13、等，可省去if，把were, had或should移到主语之前。 Were I you(If I were you), I would take his advice. 如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。 Should it rain tomorrow(If it should rain tomorrow), the sports meeting would be put off. 万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。,二、强调 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面： 1被强调的是状语
14、或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。 It was in the park that I met him. 我是在公园里遇到他的。 It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries. 17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。,例 (2009浙江)Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe_is not how much you read but what you read tha
15、t counts. Athis Bthat Cthere Dit 解析：考查强调结构。该句为“it is not.but.that”强调结构。此处被强调句型为not how much you read but what you read，判断强调部分的关键是去掉It is.that后，句意仍然保持完整。所以选D项。 答案：D,2被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。 Was it you that/who let out the secret to her? 是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？ 注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。 It was I who put forward
16、 the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。,3被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。 It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium. 是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。 It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night. 是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。,4对not.until.时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until.that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。 It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital. 直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。,
