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1、直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语一、概念一、概念：直接引语指直接引用别人的话，故必须有引号；间接引语为转述别人的话，无引号。 e.g. He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(直接引语) He said that he had gone to the Green Lake the day before. (间接引语) 二、步骤二、步骤（如何把直接引语变为间接引语）： 连接词连接词 人称人称 时态时态 状语状语 语序语序第一步第一步：连接词 1、 直接引语为陈述句，用 that. 2、 直接引语为一般疑问句，用 whether 或 if(主
2、句动词常为 ask) 3、 直接引语为特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词（what, when, how 等） 4、 直接引语为祈使句，用 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth.e.g. (1)He said, “I went to the Green Lake yesterday.” (陈述句) He said that (2)He asked, “Did you go to the Green Lake yesterday?” He asked whether /if (3)Dont make so much noise, children!” she said. S
3、he told the children not to make so much noise. 第二步第二步：人称的变化 一般可以通过翻译来转化人称，也可以通过口诀“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”来记忆。 e.g. He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.” He said that he 翻译出来为：（他说， “我昨天去翠湖了。 ” ） ，那么转换过来为：（他说,他昨天去了翠湖。 ）由此可见，翻译出 来后人称很好转化。 第三步第三步：时态的变化（引号内的内容向前推一个时态引号内的内容向前推一个时态） 直接引语一般现在 时一般过去 时一般将来
4、时现在进行 时现在完成 时过去完成 时间接引语一般过去 时过去完成 时过去将来 时过去进行 时过去完成 时过去完成 时e.g. He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(一般过去时) He said that he had gone . (过去完成时) 【注意】以下几种情况时态以下几种情况时态 不变不变 直接引语是客观真理。 The teacher said ,“The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher told me that the earth moves around the sun ea
5、rth. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me” Jack said that he was doing chores when Tom came to see him直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.“ Jack said that he was born on April 21, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，
6、 时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said that he gets up at six every morning. 第四步第四步：状语的变化时间状语地点状语其他（代词、动词等）now thenago beforetoday that dayyesterday the day beforetomorrow the next daythis evening that eveningnext week the next weeklast week the week beforethe day after tomorrow
7、two days laterhere therethis place that placethis thatthese thosecome goborrow lendcan couldmay mightmust had to第五步第五步：陈述句语序（易错点）（易错点） 直接引语的类型 间接引语的变化 例句 陈述句 间接引语的引导词 that 可以省略；主句的引述词有 say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announce, think 等；主 句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。 “Im leaving for Tokyo on busines
8、s tomorrow”,Mr. Smith said me. Mr. Smith told me that he was leaving for Tokyo on business the next day. 疑问句 间接引语必须将疑问句语序 一般疑问句 由 if/whether 引导从句 He said to me, “Do you often go to the cinema?” He asked me whether I often went to the cinema. 直接引 语的类 型间接引语的变化例句陈述句间接引语的引导词 that 可以省略；主句的引述词有“Im leaving
9、 for Tokyo on business tomorrow”, say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announce, think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。Mr. Smith said me. Mr. Smith told me that h e was leaving for Tokyo on business the next d ay.一般疑问句 由 if/whether 引导从句He said to me, “Do you often go to the cinema?” He asked me whether I
10、 often went to the cinema.反意疑问句 由 if/whether 引导从句Jake said, “You have seen such a lovely sight, havent you?.” Jake asked me whether I had seen such alovely sight. 选择疑问句 由 whetheror引导从句I asked my son, “Will you stay at home or go with us?” I asked my son whether he would sta y at home or go with us.疑
11、问句间接引语必须将疑问句 语序变为陈述句语序， 句末用句号；主句的引 述词由 say 改为 ask特殊疑问句 由原来的疑问词引导从句Students asked, “When will we attend the sports meeting?” Students asked when they wou ld attend the sports meeting.祈使句间接引语必须将肯定或否定祈使句的谓语动词相应地 变为肯定或否定的不定式；主句引述词由 say 改为 ask, tell, order, command, warn, suggest, insist 等。“Lets have a b
12、reak,” the teacher said. The te acher advised us to have a break.感叹句间接引语的引导词可以用 that, what, how。She shouted, “What a lovely boy it is.” She s houted that it was a lovely boy. /She shouted what a lovely boy it is. 【注意】 1.直接引语是祈使句，若表示请求，变为间接引语时，应使用 ask sb.（not）to do sth. 若表示命令，应该使用 tell/order sb. (not
13、) to do sth.2.直接引语是以 lets 开头的祈使句，变间接时，通常用 suggest+动名词/从句 同样，当疑问句并不是表示疑惑，而是建议等时，也可用 suggest/advisee.g. shall we get the ticket first?he suggest Why dont you send it back to the factory?3.直接引语中凡有 When,since,while 引导的从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句时态,从句的时态不变Grammar Work语法专练 1将下面的直接引语改为间接引语 a. Aunt Emily said to me,
14、“I will take your daughter to the history museum tomorrow.” _b. Tom asked, “Do you have the habit of having sports every day?” _c. My sister asked me, “When did you find the answer to this question?” _ d. “My workers are trying to finish this task ahead of time,” the engineer said to us. _ e. Mr. Smith said to us, “Dont be late for school tomorrow, please.” _ 2将下面的间接引语改为直接引语 a. The teacher asked us who could solve that difficult question. _ b. The traveler said that everything had chan
