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1、Lesson Four,A Drink in the Passageby Alan Paton,South Africa,A country of southern Africa on the Atlantic and Indian oceans. First settled by the Dutch in the mid-17th century, the region passed to Great Britain in 1814 but was hotly contested by descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Boer War (18
2、99-1902). The British and Boer colonies formed a union in 1910 and became a republic in 1961. Pretoria（普利脱利亚） is the administrative capital; Cape Town（开普敦）, the legislative capital; and Bloemfontein（布隆方登）, the judicial capital. Johannesburg（约翰内斯堡）is the largest city.,The Author,Alan Paton was born i
3、n Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. He started his career by teaching at a school in Ixopo. The dramatic career change to director of a reformatory for black youths at Diepkloof, near Johannesburg, had a profound effect on his thinking. The publication of Cry, the Beloved Country (1948) made him one o
4、f South Africas best known writers, and by the time he died, it had sold over 15 million copies. Following his non-racial ideals, he helped to found the South African Liberal Party and became its president.,Quotes by Alan Paton,1. Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor
5、of our fear. Let him not love the earth too deeply. For fear will rob him of all if he gives too much. 2. I envision someday a great, peaceful South Africa in which the world will take pride, a nation in which each of many different groups will be making its own creative contribution. 3. The Afrikan
6、er has nowhere to go, and thats why he would rather destroy himself than capitulate.,Quotes by Alan Paton,4. There is only one way in which one can endure mans inhumanity to man and that is to try, in ones own life, to exemplify mans humanity to man. 5. To give up the task of reforming society is to
7、 give up ones responsibility as a free man. 6. Who knows for what we live, and struggle, and die?. Wise men write many books, in words too hard to understand. But this, the purpose of our lives, the end of all our struggle, is beyond all human wisdom.,Quotes by Alan Paton,7. I do not like to mention
8、 it. But there is a voice I cannot silence.8. I have one great fear in my heart, that one day when they (the whites of South Africa) have turned to loving, they will find we (the blacks) are turned to hating.,His Works,Cry, the Beloved CountryCry, the Beloved Country is the famous African novel by A
9、lan Paton. The story follows the heart-breaking journey of a rural Zulu minister, who travels to the big city in search of his prodigal son, who has been drawn into the criminal underworld of the city. Cry, the Beloved Country has sold millions of copies around the world.,His Works,“Cry, the Beloved
10、 Country, however, is also a monument to the future. One of South Africas leading humanists, Alan Paton, vividly captured his eloquent faith in the essential goodness of people in his epic work.” Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa,Famous Lines from Cry, the Beloved Country,“One day in
11、Johannesburg, and already the tribe was being rebuilt, the house and soul being restored.” (Ch. 6) “It is not permissible to add to ones possesions if these things can only be done at the cost of other men. Such development has only one true name, and that is exploitation.” (Ch. 20) “The truth is, o
12、ur civilization is not Christian; it is a tragic compound of great ideal and fearful practice, of loving charity and fearful clutching of possessions.” (Ch. 21),Famous Lines from Cry, the Beloved Country,“In a land of fear this incorruptibility is like a lamp set upon a stand, giving light to all th
13、at are in the house.” (Ch. 22) “Nothing is ever quiet, except for fools.” (Ch. 26) “I have learned that kindness and love can pay for pain and suffering.” (Ch. 30) “But when the dawn will come, of our emancipation, from the fear of bondage and the bondage of fear, why, that is a secret.” (Ch. 35),Ap
14、artheid,South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the 17th century. English domination of the Dutch descendents (known as Boers or Afrikaners) resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies of Orange Free State and Transvaal. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 res
15、ulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War.,Apartheid,Following independence from England, an uneasy power-sharing between the two groups held sway until the 1940s, when the Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a strong majority. Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid
16、 as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation.,Apartheid,Starting in the 1960s, a plan of “Grand Apartheid” was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of “white-only” jobs.,
