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1、语法复习,从属分句,预测,各类从句,名词性从句 形容词性从句（定语从句） 副词性从句（状语从句）,名词性从句,主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句,主语从句,主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。如 (1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密(2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。,表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如：
2、 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注： 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天
3、要下雨了。,(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。,连词because可引导表语从句。如：
4、 I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。,宾语从句,宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：由that引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.由if/whether引导的宾语从句
5、。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？,宾语从句三关,1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an hones
6、t boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left。,3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是
7、过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.,从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use m
8、y knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.,宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如： He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will lar
9、gely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。 Im afraid you dont understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。,如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作
10、形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I dont think you are right. 我认为你错了。 I dont believe they
11、have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？,动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest (建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。The teacher advised us t
12、hat we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。,同位语从句,形容词性从句(定语从句）,限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,副词性从句（状语从句）,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句,时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,比较状语从句,Not more /-er than 与no more/ -er than not more /-er than 为普通比较结构“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反义。no richer than= as poor as no bigger than=as small as no later than= as early as 详见语法书P436,方式状语从句,03-10真题从属分句部分,
