《cold-war。美苏冷战-英语版。最全最完整的版本。啵啵独家制作-（二）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《cold-war。美苏冷战-英语版。最全最完整的版本。啵啵独家制作-（二）（31页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism,1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960,Yalta Conference (1945),United Nations formed (1945),NATO formed (1949),Warsaw Pact (1955),Korean War (
2、1950-53),SEATO formed (1955),China becomes communist (1949),The Soviets joins the Allies in WWII,WWII ends (1945),Berlin Airlift (1948-49),U.S. and Soviet ICMBs developed (1957),Sputnik launched (1957),1.What is Cold War? 2.why did USA exert the policy of Cold War? The essence of Cold War 3.The perf
3、ormance of USA and USSR in politic,economy,military science 4.Which event marked the begin and Which event marked the end of Cold War? 5.The process of Soviet hegemony 6.The efforts of the Cold War,outline,何谓“冷战” （What is Cold War),冷战是指：1947年1991年间美国为首的西方资本主义国家和苏联为首社会主义国家两个阵营除直接交战以外，在经济、政治、军事、外交、文化、
4、意识形态等各方面都处于对抗状态的时期。,Cold War refers to:1947-1991 years the United States led western capitalist countries and the Soviet Union socialist countries two camps in addition to the direct engagement, in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural, ideological and other aspects are in a state of c
5、onfrontation period.,两大阵营与军事集团 社会主义阵营：苏联为首华沙条约组织（华约1955） The socialist camp 资本主义阵营：美国为首北大西洋公约组织（北约1949） The capitalist camp,美苏争霸的过程,50年代中期至60年代中期赫鲁晓夫肯尼迪第二次柏林危机 古巴导弹危机缓和紧张 优势在美,80年代戈尔巴乔夫里根美转强硬 苏联收缩,60年代中期至70年代末勃列日涅夫尼克松阿富汗战争苏攻美守,Beginning of war:,The historians have so far not reached any agreement on
6、 the time in which the Cold War began. It is, however, quite safe to say that since 1947 when President Truman of the United States declared an anti-communist policy, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union has begun.,Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义,Causes of Cold War,There were deep-roote
7、d ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.,Causes of Cold War,(1) Underlying causes(i) Ideological (意识形
8、态的)(ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(竞争) (2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe (ii) The reactions of the United States (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union,Goals of the 2 countries,The United States, greatly expanded
9、and enhanced in its strength in W. W. II, felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open the world market to American goods and capital. So it wanted to break down the Soviet sphere of influence前苏联的势力范围 in Eastern Europe.,The Soviet Union, out of its own security concer
10、n and fear of capitalist encirclement, 资本主义的包围was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and to defend its sphere of influence at all costs.,&,The Full Cold War,The local hot wars,The Full Cold War,The Western Group North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) （北大西洋公约组织）,The East
11、ern Group The Warsaw Treaty Organization (华沙条约组织),The Signing of NATO,April 4, 1949, 12 foreign ministers of the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Portugal and Italy held the North Atlantic Treaty signing ceremony in Washington. Au
12、gust 24, the North Atlantic Treaty entered into force.,The Signing of the Warsaw Treaty Organization,Soviet representative Marshal Zhukov signed the treaty. May 14, 1955 ,the Warsaw Treaty Organization was established.,Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR exploded its first atomic bom
13、b in 1949.,Cold War tensions increased in the USSR when the US exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. It was 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb.,Arms Race,Space Race,Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite into ge
14、ocentric orbit on October 4, 1957. The race to control space was on.,April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became first human in space and first to orbit Earth. US felt a loss of prestige and increased funding for space programs and science education. On May 25,1961, Kennedy gave a speech challenging America
15、 to land a man on the moon and return him safely by the end of the decade. Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 16, 1969.,Built in1961,Demolished in 1989,Berlin Wall,The Cuban Missile Crisis(1962),The crisis began on October 15, 1962 when reconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under construction in
16、 Cuba.After seven days of intense debate within the White House, Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles.On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from Cuba would be regarde
17、d as an attack on the US by the USSR and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba. October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 spy plane was shot down over Cuba.Tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he would dismantle the i
18、nstallations and remove the missiles, expressing his trust that the US would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US assurances not to invade Cuba.,
