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1、语法专题三 代词,代词是用来代替名词或名词作用的短语，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词按意义、特征及语法功能可分为八类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词。代词的常考点如下： 1人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。,但在下列情况也用宾格：在be后作表语。在单独使用或带not的简略回答中。在感叹疑问句中做主语，以引起强调。在下列之类的祈使句中：Hes got to repay the moneypoor him.他得偿还这笔钱可怜的他呀！ 2形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，在
2、句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用后置定语，但不能作定语。,3反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。 4指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点： (1)this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。,(2)指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。 (3)打电话时，用this来介绍自己，
3、用that来问对方，不用I或you。 (4)this和that还可用做副词表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。,5疑问代词what除可用来询问人的身份外，一般指物；which可指人也可指物；who, whom, whose一般指人。没有一定的范围时，用what，意为“什么”；有一定范围时，用which，意为“(其中的)哪一个”。 6表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither，表示两者中的“任一”用either。表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，表示多者中的“任一”用any。none可指人或物，一般要接表示范围的of短语，可回答how many；而
4、no one只能指人(nobody)，不能接of短语，可回答who。另外，none可指后文的不可数名词，表示“毫无”。,7some, any的用法：表示“一些”，一般说来，肯定句中some，否定句中用any；但在表示请求、建议，劝请或希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中用some。 8each, every的用法：every只能作形容词，在名词前作定语；each可作形容词也可用代词，可作主语、宾语和同位语。表示“每隔”用every，不用each。如every three days每三天，every third day每逢第三天，every other day每隔一天，every three meter
5、s每(隔)三米，every three minutes每(隔)三分钟。,9(a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法 a little和little修饰或代替不可数名词，与much相对，表示“少”；a few和few修饰或代替可数名词与many相对，表示“少”。 a little和a few含肯定语气，little和few含否定语气。一般说来，在only, just, still, quite, can not等词后用a little或a few；在very, so, some, the, no等词后用little或few。,10替代词it, that, (the) one(s
6、), those的用法 (1)it和that都替代“the单数名词(可数或不可数)”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。 (2)one替代“a单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that; the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s)，the one(s)，those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。,11another, (the) other(s)
7、, else; the rest的用法： (1)another或“another单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，又一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others或“other复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有some.others(一些另一些)之搭配。 (2)the other(单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有one.the other“一个另一个”的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”；“剩下的”人或物。,(3)another还可用于“another基数词或few复数名词”中，与“数词或somemore/other复数名
8、词”相当。 (4)注意下列固定用法：other than“除外”，each other, one another“相互”，one after another“一个接一个地”，any other单数名词“别的/其他的任何一个”。 (5)else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。 (6)the rest既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数名词。,1.(2009陕西)Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them. A. othe
9、r B. any C. none D. some,2(2009湖南)Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on,3(2009山东)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that. A. other B. another
10、C. the other D. others,4(2009全国)The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get _ completely free. A. other B. others C. one D. ones,5(2009全国)Charles was alone at home, with _ looking after him. A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one,6(2009江苏)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences i
11、n their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that,7(2009辽宁)_ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So,8(2009福建)Your mum is very kind. Yeah. My mum is pretty considerate, you know what _， s
12、he always arranges everything around me. A. she means B. you mean C. I mean D. we mean,9(2009北京)Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him,10(2009全国)One of the most important questions they had
13、to consider was _ of public health. A. what B. this C. that D. which,11(2009重庆)Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in _ way or another for the better. A. any B. one C. every D. either,12(2009四川)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough mo
14、ney to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that,13(2009南京调研)The financial crisis and the suffering _ has caused have a great influence on the whole world. A. they B. which C. it D. what,14(2009扬州调研)James Cook was a strict captain, but _ all the sailors on the ship showed respect for. A. that B. the one C
15、. who D. one,15(2009烟台检测)Does _ please you to give gifts to others? Sure. A. it B. that C. one D. he,16(2009宁波教学检测)The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him,17(2009宁波教学检测)Do you have _ for the party, Mary? No, we still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing,18(2009杭州教学检测)I admired the painting, and Ted said he would like me to have _ as a gift for him. A. one B. it C. this D. some,
