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1、Using Language -,Reading & Writing,Unit 1,About Copernicus,Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?,Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星,Nine Planets in the Solar System:,Nicolaus Cope
2、rnicus,He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.,Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures. (Para 1),Sun,earth
3、,Before Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theory,Reading and drawing,Sun,earth,Before Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theory,Sun,earth,earth,Sun,Showing Copernicus theory,A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre,A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its ce
4、ntre,Summary,Before Copernicus theory,Careful reading,Read the text carefully, then answer these questions,Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea,(2) What was his theory about? (Para 1),All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusi
5、on: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.,Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1),(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2),They had noticed that some planets in the
6、sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.,(4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3),Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.,(5) How did he expl
7、ain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4),He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning a
8、s it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. .,He published it as he lay dying in 1543,(6) Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking? (Para 5),B
9、ecause his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong.,Mind map of the text,Paragraph 1: the
10、 background of Copernicus study,Paragraph 2: the cause of Copernicus study,Paragraph 3: the procedure of Copernicus study,Paragraph 4: the result of Copernicus study,Paragraph 4: Copernicus theory replaced the Christian idea and proved correct.,1)表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测, 或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况，但不象should
11、或ought to 那样含有责备之意。如：, Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.,I guess the poet would have been about 20 when she wrote her first poem.,Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.,neednt have + 过去分词，表示做
12、了不必做的事，相当于，译为“其实没必要 ” should have + 过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该 ” should not have + 过去分词，表示本不应 该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该”,2) 相关知识总结：,lead to 导致，通向,1.All roads lead to Rome.,2.The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be cau
13、ght,条条大道通罗马,C, Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky . =,The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there.,e.g 1）Only if your identity has been checked, _. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allo
14、w in D. will you be allowed in,D,“Only + 副词 /介词短语/状语从句” 位于句首, 句子要倒装。,2）Only then did I realize the importance of knowledge. 3）Only in this way can we work out the maths problem., make sense 有意义，有道理，说得通 1）What you say makes no sense. 2) It would make sense to leave early. 3) Can you make sense of thi
15、s poem?,你说的话没有道理,还是早点走好。 （是明智的，合理的）,你看得懂这首诗吗？（理解或弄懂）,. work on 从事,She is working on a new novel.(= She is writing a new novel.), complete vt. 完整的,完成的,The workers havent completed (vt.) the house yet. When will the work be complete (adj.)?,. enthusiastic: having or demonstrating enthusiasm adj. 热心的，满
16、腔热情的,enthusiastic support 热情的支持,be enthusiastic about 对某事充满热情,If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years?,Give reasons, As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this?,
