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1、新王牌高三英语教案 余 X 老师 动词的时态和语态+ 作文1新王牌新王牌 2011-2012 学年度第二学期高三英学年度第二学期高三英语语教案（教案（9） ）考点归纳1.2012 届考试手册中注明的需掌握的动词的十种时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来 时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时(只作理解要求)，这些时态形式如下:一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在does / dois / am / are doinghas / have donehas / have been doing 过去didwas / were doinghad
2、 done将来will / shall dowill / shall be doing 过去将来would / should do2.常见时态的常见用途:一般现在时表经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态；表习惯、能力、客观真理、客观存在；常用于某些从句(“主将从现”)；常与 always, often, usually 等连用；可表瞬间动作；含位置移动含义的动词或表示按时间表将要发生的动作常用它代替一般将来时表该含义(如 come, leave 等)；特殊地，表示希望(I hope / I bet)或表“务必”含义的句型see (to it), makesure, make certain等的 th
3、at 分句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时表将来 现在进行时表正在进行的动作；与 now, at present 等连用；暗含打算、重复且经常(如某一习 惯)、未结束等含义；表示一个现阶段或最近按计划要进行的动作；可代替一般现在时表示说话人的 感情；注意有些词一般不用进行时，如 wish, know, consist, belong to 等 现在完成时表结果；表过去发生的该动作对现在有影响；常与 since+时间点或 for+时间段连用；将现在与过去建立联系；表示延续的动作，瞬间动词(join, be dead 等)此时不能使用 一般过去时含“过去如此，现在并非如此”之意；常与 last yea
4、r 等连用；有时由于某些 如 until, before 的连接词已表明句中动词发生的先后顺序，故既可用它也可用一般过去时 e.g. The train (had) left before I reached the station. 过去进行时表过去正在进行的动作；从句中常用于表示两个过去发生的动作同时发生(某些工具书 中将其说做“为另一动作提供背景”，有些句子含有突然发生之意) 过去完成时需以过去某一时间为前提；与一般过去时连用强调动作的时间先后顺序；表 意 愿动词用该时态表示愿望未实现 一般将来时表将来；常与 tomorrow 等连用；be going to 表示打算、预测；be to
5、do 表示按计划要发生，有时也表示命令；常见于祈使句、the morethe more 等句型 过去将来时(would do)表示过去时间后的动作；多见于间接引语 现在完成进行时表动作从过去一直持续到当前，是否继续下去未知；有时带有感情色彩 将来进行时表将来按计划进行的动作3.时态的关系: 常用时间轴表示两时态间的先后问题，便于解题4.动词的语态: 主动与被动；表被动时动词的基本形式是 be done；一般在动作执行者不明确、不重要等情况下，或出于行文流畅的需要，会运用被动语态；被动语态的形式如下: 一般时态进行时态完成时态 现在is / are doneis / am / are being
6、 donehas / have been done 过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been done 将来shall / will be done 过去将来should / would be done说明:被动语态不用于将来进行时态和各完成进行时态5.不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态(如 take place, happen 等)；当相互代词(each other 等)或反身代词为动词宾语时，句子不能被转换成被动语态；许多词组无被动语态，如 consist of, belong to 6.被动常用句式: it is reported tha
7、t / get sth. done 等被动句型的转换: People believe that he is ill.It is believed that he is ill.( ) He is believed to be ill. ( )Type I Type II 注意转换过程中，that 分句中的谓语动词表将来时则 II 句型(Type II)变为 to be doing，如谓语动词表示过去时间或现在完成时，则 II 句型变为 to have done1新王牌高三英语教案 余 X 老师 动词的时态和语态+ 作文27.一些“主动表被动”的固定搭配:The thing proved tru
8、e. / The food smells nice. / The book sells well. / My car cant move. / It writes smoothly. 对于第三个例子的这类动词，有多种不同的理解。常见工具书将其定义成如下 两种类型: 多数既可作 vt. 又可作 vi. 的动词，若动作发出者(施动者)无需强调(不强调被动)或已明 确时多用主动，如 If the situation at home doesnt improve, Ill have to move out. 对于既可 作 vt. 又可作 vi. 的动词，若句子主语(物居多)具有内在特征，能够促使动词动
9、作得以实现或难以实 现时，常用主动表被动；综上所述，试比较: She doesnt photograph well.。 。 。 。 。 (。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 ) She hasnt been photographed well.。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 (。 。 。 。 。 。 。 )同理，以下句子中:The sentences read clearly. 针对 sentences，指句子没有歧义 The sentences are read clearly. 针对人，指读的人读得好The vase breaks easily. 针对 vase，指花瓶的属性为易碎 T
10、he vase is broken by Peter. 针对人，指客观事实，人将花瓶打碎8.如 open, close, shut, lock 等表属性的动词一般用主动表示被动；不定式 to blame 作表语时用主动表示被动；be + a. + to do 结构，如形容词为难易形容词(或称为表属性的形容词)，多用主动表示被动；若不定式的逻辑主语为句子主语，用主动表示被动；某些形容词结构(如 too to / enough to do)，此时多用主动表示被动；be worth 等特殊结构用主动表示被动9.need / want / require 表“需要”，deserve 表“值得”等动词用
11、主动表示被动；结构为 need / want / require / deserve + doing / to be done10.注意翻译中汉语与英语的被动结构的互译:汉语不出现主语(昨天抓到一个特务。)英语被动(A spy was caught yesterday.)汉语主动表被动(这种料子很好销售。)英语主动(This kind of material sells well.)汉语主动表被动(图书馆将提前竣工。)英语被动(The new library will be completedahead of time.) 11.注意某些不带 to 的不定式在被动语态时需还原 to模拟演练1.
12、The efforts made by the researchers _ possible the appearance of a new life-saving medicine. A. were made B. madeC. made itD. were made it2.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao _ at Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, on Dec. 16, 2009 Wednesday evening, for the ongoing UN Climate Change Conference.(10 金山-1)A. arr
13、ivesB. has arrivedC. arrivedD. is arriving3.The Ministry of Health issued a notice in September that the fees for tests and treatment in A (H1N1) flu cases _ by medical insurance.(10 金山-1)A. cover B. are covered C. will coverD. has been covered 4.The workers were so tired that they felt asleep where
14、 they _ without undressing.(10 长宁-1)A. lyingB. were lyingC. liedD. were lain5.Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the checkout counter.(10 长宁-1)A. will giveB. have been givenC. have givenD. will be given6.You cant move in right now. The library _.(10 黄浦-1)A.
15、has paintedB. is paintedC. is being paintedD. is painting7.Im sure that your letter _ immediate attention. They know youre waiting for the reply.(10 浦东-1) A. will getB. getsC. has gotD. is getting8. Would you please keep quiet, Sally? The weather forecast _. Oh, Im sorry I didnt realize it.(10 浦东-1)
16、3系动词系动词起来 某些 vi. + 某些 adv.cant / wont + 某些 vi.27新王牌高三英语教案 余 X 老师 动词的时态和语态+ 作文3A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast 9.Unfortunately, when I got there she _, so we only had time for a few words.(10 徐汇-1)A. just leftB. has just leftC. was just leavingD. had just left10.A lot of cars and buses _ from passing through the highways because of the heavy snow.(10 徐汇-1)A. have bloc
