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1、1. What are the teachings of Confucius?孔子的教义是什么The right “names“ had social, spiritual, ritual and normative meaning. According to everybodys rank, man had to use a certain etiquette (li 禮, a term originally meaning “ritual offering“) and man had to be righteous (yi 義), this means, to behave with al
2、l moral qualities in every concrete situation. All these duties seem to be a suppression of freedom in later orthodox Confucianism, but they were meant as a protection from arbitrariness: The most superior person, the ruler, had not only to use ritual etiquette against his ancestors, but he had to e
3、xert a human (ren 仁) government, like the father had to show benevolence (ci 慈) to an obedient son. Power and superiority, in Confucius thinking, is not severed from reciprocity, the dividing etiquette is mitigated by humanity.正确的“姓名”具有社会性、精神性、仪式性和规范性意义。根据每个人的等级，人必须用一 定的礼仪（李禮，一词原意为“礼祭” ）和人是义（义義） ，这意
4、味着，要在每一个具体的情况，所 有的道德素质。所有这些职责似乎在后来的正统儒家压制自由，但他们是作为从任意性保护：最优 秀的人，统治者，不仅用礼仪对他的祖先，但他努力的人（仁仁）政府，像父亲的秀仁（CI 慈）到 一个孝顺的儿子。孔子思想中的权力和优越性不是与互惠分离的，而是通过人性来缓和的。2. Please tell us one aspect of the influence of Confucianism.请告诉我们儒家思想影响的一个方面The vast empire of the Han Dynasty made it necessary to rely on a well organ
5、ized scholarship elite that also was able to supply administrative officials. Only the well-read Confucian scholars (rujia 儒家) were able to fulfill such an immense task. Their deep knowledge of the old writings provided the emperors with the needed Heaven approved authority to lead the government of
6、 the empire. The dynastic calendar and yearly ritual offerings to Heaven and Earth all based upon the old Confucian classical writings.汉朝的庞大帝国使得有必要依赖一个组织良好的奖学金精英，这些精英也能够提供行政官员。 只有博览群书的学者 Confucian（如家儒家）能够完成这样一个巨大的任务。他们对古代著作的深 刻了解为皇帝提供了领导帝国政府所需的上天批准的权力。以旧儒家经典为基础的天与年、天与 地球祭 。 3. What would you say abo
7、ut Chinese Language if youre to introduce it to a foreign friend?如果你要介绍给外国朋友，你会怎么说中文？As is well-known, written Chinese is not an alphabetic language, but a script of ideograms. Their formation follows three principles: Hieroglyphics or the drawing of pictographs 会意字As explained before, this was the
8、earliest method by which Chinese characters were designed and from which the other methods were subsequently developed. Associative compounds The principle of forming characters by drawing pictures is easy to understand, but pictographs cannot express abstract ideas. Pictophonetics 形声字 Though pictog
9、raphs and associative compounds indicate the meanings of characters by their forms, yet neither of the two categories gives any hint as to pronunciation. The pictophonetic method was developed to create new characters by combining one element indicating meaning and the other sound.众所周知，中国文字不是拼音文字，但文
10、字的表意文字。他们的形成遵循三个原则： 象形文字或象形文字会意字绘图 正如前面所解释的，这是最早设计汉字的方法，后来又发展了其他方法。 会意 通过画画成形特征的原理很容易理解，但象形文字不能表达抽象的概念。 形声字 尽管象形字、会意字的意思表示的形式，但对这两类不给出任何提示语音。形声法相结合的一个元 素指示意义和其他声音创造新的人物形象。4. Please tell us the story of the Dragon Boat Festival.请告诉我们端午节的故事The DuanWu Festival (also called The Dragon Boat Festival) is
11、traditionally celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese lunar calendar. The Duanwu Festival commemorates the life and death of the famous Chinese scholar Qu Yuan, he was a loyal minister that served the King of Chu during the Warring States Period in 3 centuries BC. Every year th
12、e Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated to commemorate this attempt at rescuing Qu Yuan. When it was known that Qu Yuan had been lost forever, the local people began the tradition of throwing sacrificial cooked rice into the river for their lost hero. However, a local fisherman had a dream that Qu Yuan
13、 did not get any of the cooked rice that was thrown into the river in his honor. Instead, it was the fishes in the river that had eaten the rice. So, the following year, the tradition of wrapping the cooked rice in bamboo leaves was begun. The cooked rice wrapped in bamboo leaves later came to be kn
14、own as Zong zi. There is also another version of the story. When it was known that Qu Yuan had been lost to the river, the local fisherman had a dream that the fishes in the river were eating Qu Yuans body. The local people came up with the idea that if the fishes in the river were not hungry, then
15、they would not eat Qu Yuans body. So the local people began the tradition of throwing Zong zi into the river to feed the fishes in hope that Qu Yuans body would be spared.端午节（也叫端午节）的传统庆祝第五个月的农历的第五天。端午节是为了纪念中国著名学者 Qu Yuan 的生命和死亡，他是一个忠诚的大臣，担任 King of Chu 战国时期在公元前 3 世纪。每年都 要庆祝端午节来纪念屈原的屈原之行。当人们知道 Qu Yua
16、n 是永远迷路的时候，当地人开始把祭 祀的米饭扔到河里，作为他们失去的英雄的传统。然而，一位当地渔民却梦想屈原没有得到任何一 枚被扔进河中的米饭。相反，是河里的鱼吃了米饭。于是，第二年开始了在竹叶中包米饭的传统。 用竹叶包好的米饭后来被称为 Zong zi。这个故事还有另一种说法。当人们知道 Qu Yuan 已经迷 失在河上时，当地渔夫梦见河里的鱼儿在吃屈原的尸体。当地人提出，如果河里的鱼不饿，他们就不吃屈原的尸体。于是当地人开始把 Zong zi 扔到河里喂鱼的传统，希望屈原的身体能幸免。5. Please give us a brief introduction to the Double Ninth Festival.请给我们简要介绍一下重阳节It is said that in the ancient China, probably in the Han dynasty, on September 9th, the emperor and his attendants wo
