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1、Grammar and usage 非谓语动词李金星,Verb-ed form Verb-ed phrases Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives,Verb-ed form,Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语) When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute,
2、 it can be changed into an attributive clause.,The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.,Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences.,1) The handwritt
3、en notes are from jack.,2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.,3) A dark-haired man went into the room.,adjective,4) The cake was left untouched on the table.,5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage,adverb,1. attribute(定语),1) A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like a
4、n adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.,We should drink boiled water.,We should drink water which has been boiled.,The functions of verb-ed form,They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.,They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.,2) Gener
5、ally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.,the escaped criminal 逃犯,past,t
6、he developed countries 发达国家,past,a widely used language,passive,the retired scientist,past,the highly praised scientist,passive,fallen leaves 落叶,past,the risen sun 升起的太阳,past,the exploited classes 被剥削阶级,passive,3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause
7、 does.,The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.,The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.,The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.,The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.,Scientific experiments carried out by
8、students without the teachers instructions can be dangerous.,Scientific experiments which are carried out by,a. The _ (手写的)notes are from Jack. b. The kidnappers were using a_(偷来的) car. c. We should drink _(煮沸的)water. d. They took the _ (受伤的)woman to the nearby hospital at once.,stolen,handwritten,b
9、oiled,injured,Fill in the blanks using verb-ed forms.,Can you change them into attributive clauses?,消防员在营救那些被困在火里的人。,The firemen were rescuing the people trapped in the fire.,The firemen were rescuing the people who were trapped in the fire.,试用两种句式翻译下面的句子。,4) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-rest
10、rictive attribute (非限定性定语) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号).,The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.,The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.,The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.,Th
11、e meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success.,2. predicative (表语) It can be put after some link-verbs (系动词) such as: be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become,1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.,2) The little boy was very excited wh
12、en he heard that he could go to the party.,3. Object complement (宾语补足语) It can be used after some verbs such as: see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep ,1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.,2) I had my hair cut yesterday.,3) She
13、 found the door locked.,4. A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.,The girl lay in bed lost in thought.,The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.,The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.,The boy sat at the tabl
14、e and was buried in his homework.,A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial(状语) to express the time, the reason and condition,The usage of verb-ed phrases,Key for Exercise A : (1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) exci
15、ted (4) thrilled (5) interested (6) bored,Key for Exercise B:,2. The problems created by cloning will soon be clear.,3. We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.,1. A verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.,1) She lef
16、t the restaurant, disappointed.,2) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.,3) Heated, water changes into steam.,4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.,5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.,2. Passive verb-ed phrases can express time, reason and condition. We can use adverbial clauses(状语从句) to rewrite the phrases.,1) time,Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,
