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1、Unit 1,Part 2 Verb-ing form as a noun,表语,主语,宾语,动名词,定语,1. 动名词的句法功能: 动名词由动词加ing构成, 与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用, 在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。,Seeing is believing. (眼见为实),Collecting stamps is a good hobby., 作主语, 可以直接放在句首, 但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语, 而把动名词后置, 如:,It is no use (good) + 动名词: 做某事没用(不好) Its no use crying over
2、 spilt milk. (覆水难收) Its no good smoking in public.,His hobby is collecting stamps. 可改为: Collecting stamps is his hobby. Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构) 不能改为: Collecting stamps is he. 作表语: 通常是说明主语的内容, 注 意它与谓语动词进行时的区别,I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just
3、refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. To work; to stop,He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,- There is a story here in the paper about a 11
4、0-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been,作宾语 A. 作及物动词的宾语 (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss, risk, deny, allow, forbid等),I
5、like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding.,Tips:有些动词 (continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start, love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语, 意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性, 用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。,When asked by police, he said that he remembered _
6、at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave,有些动词, 如forget, remember, regret等, 后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。,B. 作介词的宾语,The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referr
7、ing to C. looking for D. trying on,be used to doing 习惯于做; look forward to doing 盼望做; devote ones life to doing 致力于做; spend time (in) doing 花时间做; be fond of doing 喜爱做; be good at doing 擅长做; be proud of doing 为做而自豪; be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦; feel like doing 欲想做; lead to导致; insist on坚持要做; object反对; suc
8、ceed/be successful in 成功地做了,go on doing 继续做(原来的事); keep on doing 不停地做; what about doing 做怎么样; think of doing 考虑做; be interested in doing 对做感兴趣; have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难; be busy (in) doing 忙于做; instead of doing 做而不做,Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at tell
9、ing and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up, 作定语,动名词可作前置定语, 表示所修饰的词的用途或目的, 可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时, 可用定语从句改写。,swimming pool, waiting room, walking stick a sleeping car =a car for sleeping a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping,Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 这就是蚁
10、后的专职工作产卵。, 作同位语, 人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格, 即形容词性物主代词。 He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Theres no need for that being done. 逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时, 很少用所有格, 而用普通格。,2. 动名词的逻辑主语,Do you mind my smoking here?, 逻辑主语是名词时, 用所有格, 但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。,Marys laughing made Tom angry.,There is no hope of the fact
11、ory making profit., 在口语中, 动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。,I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating,3. 动名词的完成式(having done)、一般式被动(being done)和完成式被动(having been done)。,After having finished his work, he went home. He attended the meeting witho
12、ut being asked. She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.,习题演练 1. I have a very important meeting to attend. (P8) 考点 动词不定式作定语。 考例 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held,点拨 选D。根据in 2008可知要用表将来的时态；the 29th Ol
13、ympic Games和hold之间是被动关系，故答案应选D。动词不定式被动语态作后置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。,2. Although I have fun with my online friends, I know that my real friends are more important than my online friends. (P11) 考点 although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。,考例 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Si
14、nce B. Unless C. As D. Although 点拨 选D。although引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，本句句意为：虽然这位老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他有丰富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。其他几个连词since（既然），unless（除非），as（当时；因为）在此与句子的逻辑意义不符。,考点点拨 考例回顾 1. 考点 动词不定式作主语。 考例 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. A to make B to be made C making D bei
15、ng made,点拨 选B。本题考查结构It takes / took (sb.) + 一段时间 + to do sth. （某人）花费时间做某事。题中connection与make之间为动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。,2. 考点 动词不定式作宾语。 用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, fail, offer, prepare, refuse, seek, struggle, demand, decide, promise, determine, expect, intend, learn, manage, mean, prefer, pretend等。,考例 China has
16、promised to revise its existing regulations and _ new policies according to WTO requirements. A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed 点拨 选B。动词不定式to form new policies和to revise its existing regulations并列作promise的宾语。,3. 考点 动词不定式作补足语。 考例 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 点拨 选C。to follow为不定式短语作补语修饰the rest。,
