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1、,How to describe the pictures,The river was seriously polluted.,Some trees have been cut down.,The Passive Voice (被动语态）,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。,英语语态,被动语态的构成,由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,S,V,O,Engli
2、sh is spoken by us.,S,V,by+O,宾变主,主变宾,前加by 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,are were,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语.,in the factory by them.,一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasw
3、eretaught 一般将来时：willshall (be going to) betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：was/were beingtaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught 过去完成时：had been +taught 过去将来时：would (was/were going to) be+ taught 含情态动词： can/ must/need/have to+be taught,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the b
4、rackets.,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet.,was built,are held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,Read text-1,6. The machine (repa
5、ir) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks.8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term， two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010.,was being repaired,had been typed,would be g
6、iven,will have been learned,would have been finished,语态转换(Give the students some minutes to discuss) 1.He teaches English in our school.2.She gave me a book.,English is taught in our school by him.I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her.,口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。 口诀2：如 遇双宾语，
7、最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell),3.He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch),4.They take good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须 将其看
8、作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,Article2_popwin_radio,英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况,2.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：,连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等)可用主动表被动：,The building looks very beautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。 Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的声音听起来非常甜美。,The book is difficult to underst
9、and. 这书很难懂。 The music isnt pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。,Article3_popwin_flight,3.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。,I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。 Miss Green has some important letters to send. 格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。,注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：,I have some
10、thing to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字),4. 在 tooto do sth 和enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。,The tea is too hot to drink. 茶太热，不能喝。 These boxes are not strong enough to use to be used as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作
11、站台。,6. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的 动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。,5. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。,The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。 These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。,The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.,This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。The problem is not worth
12、 discussing. 这个问题不值得讨论。,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me w
13、ell.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好
14、卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,Drills：A: 1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus. A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited 2.A big power station _in my home town now. A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is buildin
15、g . 3.Stamps_by people for sending letters. A.use B.using C.used D.are used. 4.Must old people_to politely? A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bike mustnt _everywhere. A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting 6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road. A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain 7.The old man and the children_in our country. A.must take good care B.must be take good care of C.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_ from the east.A.has risen B. rise C.rises D.is risen,
