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1、American History,Colonization of North America,Part One,1. The natives-Indians 2.The discovery of America 3.English settlements 4. Colonial Era or the Colonization of North America,Contents,1. The natives-Indians,The Indians living in America originated from Asia 25000 years ago. The migration conti
2、nued for thousands of years. The name of the Indians was given by Christopher Columbus. When he first discovered the American continent, he mistook the natives there for the people of India. The name was so given and has been misused ever since. Although the Indians were scattered over the continent
3、s, most of them lived in Central and South America, with only one million in North America.The Indians lived on hunting or farming. They developed their agriculture very well. Maize, potato, cocoa and tobacco were their major crops which later became popular throughout the world.,2. The Discovery of
4、 America,Around the year 1000, a party of Icelandic Vikings(北欧人) under Leif Ericson (雷夫埃里克森 ) sailed to the eastern coast of North America. They landed at a place they called Vinland. They failed, however, to establish any permanent settlements. Five hundred years later, the need for increased trade
5、 and an error in navigation(航海) led to another European encounter with America.In late 15th-century Europe, there was a great demand for spices(香料, 调味品) , textiles(纺织品) and dyes from Asia.,Christopher Columbus, a marinermrn(海员，水手) from Italy, mistakenly believed that he could reach the Far East by s
6、ailing 4000 miles(6400 kilometers) west from Europe. In 1492, he persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance such a voyage. Columbus sailed west, but he did not reach Asia. Instead he landed on one of the Bahama Island(巴哈马群岛)in the Caribbean Sea（加勒比海). Columbus eventually explored most of the C
7、aribbean area.He never reached the Far East, but he did return home with some gold, and within 40 years the treasure-hungry Spanish adventurers had conquered a huge empire in South and Central America.,an error in navigation：航海学上的错误是指哥伦布认为从欧洲大西洋向西航行就可到达远东的错误想法。1492年8月3日，哥伦布受西班牙国王派遣，带着给印度君主和中国皇帝的国书，率
8、领三艘百十来吨的帆船，从西班牙巴罗斯港扬帆出大西洋，直向正西航去。 经七十昼夜的艰苦航行，1492年10月12日凌晨终于发现了陆地。哥伦布以为到达了印度。后来知道，哥伦布登上的这块土地，属于现在中美洲加勒比海中的巴哈马群岛，他当时为它命名为圣萨尔瓦多。,3. English Settlements(殖民地),1) The first English colonyThe first successful English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. The settlement was fi
9、nanced by a London company which expected to make a profit from the settlement. It never did.Of the 105 colonists, 73 died of hunger and disease within seven months of their arrival. But the colony survived and eventually grew and became wealthy. The Virginians discovered a way to earn money by grow
10、ing tobacco, which they began shipping to England in 1614. American history is generally agreed to have begun in 1607 when the first group of the British colonists went to America and started to build their settlements there.,2) several settlements in New EnglandIn New England, the northeastern regi
11、on of what is now the United States, several settlements were established by English Puritans.These settlers believed that the Church of England had adopted too many practices from Roman Catholicismkli,sizm (天主教) , and they came to America to escape persecution in England and to found a colony based
12、 on their own religious ideals.One group of Puritans, called the “Pilgrims,” crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.,In 1621, they gathered (收割, 收获) in a large crop and the settlers fixed a date to celebrate their harvest in order to express their t
13、hanks to God. This is the beginning of the holiday called Thanksgiving.,A much larger Puritan colony was established in the Boston area in 1630.The Puritans hoped to build “a city upon a hill”-an ideal community. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, heretics（异教徒 ） and violators of Sabbathsb (安
14、息日)。In the Puritan settlements the right to vote was restricted to church members. One Puritan who disagreed with the decisions of the community, Roger William, protested that the state should not interfere with religion.Forced to leave Massachusetts in 1635, he set up the neighboring Rhode Island c
15、olony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state.,4. Colonial Era or the Colonization of North America,The Colonialklunjl Era covered the year from 1607 to 1776, that is, from the first settlement of English colonists to the independence of America.After the discovery
16、 of the New World, the European powers sent many explorers to the new continents and they began to compete against each other in occupying the New World.Spain claimed the southern part of North America, and the whole of South America except Brazil. France had started some settlements in Nova Scotian
17、uvsku新斯科舍(加拿大省名) . The whole Mississippi Valley had also been explored for the king of France.,By 1773, English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast, from New Hampshire in the north to Georgia in the south.The 13 colonies were divided, according to their geographical dgrfkl loc
18、ation from South to North, three sections: the southern colonies, the middle colonies and the northern colonies.The southern colonies included the following five: Virginia, Maryland, the South and North Carolinas南北卡罗来纳州 and Georgia佐治亚州. The middle colonies contained New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania. The northern colonies were basically founded by Puritans who came to the New World for the sake of free worship.,
