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1、Lesson PlanReviewNew Words and PhrasesReading and TranslatingUnit SixteenClassroom Exercises,Review,Unit Sixteen Modern Road 单 元 16 现代化道路,The efficiency of a countrys road network has a profound effect on its prosperity. The ability of roads to enable traffic to flow freely and safely between the in
2、dustrial and commercial centers contributes enormously towards a progressive economy. In fact, the importance of good roads, both nationally and internationally, cannot be overstressed.,The efficiency of a countrys road network has a profound effect on its prosperity. The ability of roads to enable
3、traffic to flow freely and safely between the industrial and commercial centers contributes enormously towards a progressive economy. In fact, the importance of good roads, both nationally and internationally, cannot be overstressed. 发达的交通系统对一个国家的繁荣有着深刻的影响。道路若能使得工业中心与商业中心间的交通变得畅通无阻、安全可靠，将极大地促进经济的发展。
4、事实上，无论是对一个国家还是对全世界来说，优质道路的重要性无论怎样强调都不为过。,In order to serve their purpose to the best advantage, modern roads should, as far as possible, possess the following principal features: (a) They should be designed according to the anticipated volume and speed of the traffic likely to use them.,In order to
5、serve their purpose to the best advantage, modern roads should, as far as possible, possess the following principal features: (a) They should be designed according to the anticipated volume and speed of the traffic likely to use them.为了充分发挥作用，现代道路应当尽可能具备下列主要特征：(a) 应按照预计的车流量和车速进行设计；,(b) Bends and gra
6、dients, where necessary, should always be slight. (c) Visibility should be unimpeded.(d) They should be well and clearly signposted.(e) Adequate provision should be made for both cyclists and pedestrians, having due regard for their safety.(f) They should be well lit, where necessary.,(b) Bends and
7、gradients, where necessary, should always be slight. (c) Visibility should be unimpeded.(d) They should be well and clearly signposted.(e) Adequate provision should be made for both cyclists and pedestrians, having due regard for their safety.(f) They should be well lit, where necessary. 弯度和坡度不可避免时，
8、要尽可能平缓； 能见度要好； 路标设置完备醒目； 充分考虑非机动车辆和行人的安全，他们的安全应受到足够的尊重； 需要照明时，光线充足；,(g) Landscaping and hedge and tree planting on the sides and central reservations should be arranged to provide a pleasant and interesting outlook for the road users, to avoid monotony and boredom.,(g) Landscaping and hedge and tree
9、 planting on the sides and central reservations should be arranged to provide a pleasant and interesting outlook for the road users, to avoid monotony and boredom. 为了避免单调、乏味，给使用者提供一个赏心悦目的环境，道路两侧要进行美化，设置栅栏，种植树木，路中心要设置分隔带。,The first step in building a road is to plan the route. Sometimes the route has
10、 been decided by the nature of the land, but today nature can often be conquered. With powerful modern machinery, whole mountains can be removed and valleys filled in to make the route as direct as possible.,The first step in building a road is to plan the route. Sometimes the route has been decided
11、 by the nature of the land, but today nature can often be conquered. With powerful modern machinery, whole mountains can be removed and valleys filled in to make the route as direct as possible. 筑路的第一步是规划线路。有时线路规划受制于场地的天然状态，不过现在大自然往往可以改造。由于大功率的现代化机械的采用，整座山可以移走，河谷可以填平，道路因此可以尽量取直。,Then the details are
12、 planned: the width of the highway, the number of driving lanes, the number and location of entrances and exits, and how strong the road must be. All these depend on the amount of traffic that is expected. Modern roads are usually planned for the next 20years traffic.,Then the details are planned: t
13、he width of the highway, the number of driving lanes, the number and location of entrances and exits, and how strong the road must be. All these depend on the amount of traffic that is expected. Modern roads are usually planned for the next 20years traffic. 然后，进行分项设计：公路宽度、行车车道数目、入口和出口的数目、位置以及道路必须具有的
14、强度。所有这些都取决于预期的交通量。现代化的道路一般按承受20 年的交通运输量的标准而规划。,The next step is the testing of the earth foundation on which the road is to rest. Engineers carefully study the soil to learn how solid it is，how much moisture it contains and how well it drains. Then they decide how the soil should be prepared and pac
15、ked to provide a good, sturdy foundation，or roadbed.,The next step is the testing of the earth foundation on which the road is to rest. Engineers carefully study the soil to learn how solid it is，how much moisture it contains and how well it drains. Then they decide how the soil should be prepared a
16、nd packed to provide a good, sturdy foundation，or roadbed. 下一步骤是测试将要铺路的土壤基础，工程师们要仔细研究土壤，以便了解密实程度如 何，含水量多少，排水情况好不好，然后他们决定土壤应如何处理，如何压实，以保证有一良好而坚固的基础（即路基）。,They prescribe the thickness of the road layers, the size of the rocks in them, and the other materials that should be used. While the testing is u
17、nder way, a group of surveyors begins to measure the land to find out exactly how much work needs to be done and how much it will cost. Then the construction crew can finally move in.,They prescribe the thickness of the road layers, the size of the rocks in them, and the other materials that should
18、be used. While the testing is under way, a group of surveyors begins to measure the land to find out exactly how much work needs to be done and how much it will cost. Then the construction crew can finally move in. 他们需定出道路各层的厚度，各路层使用石块的块径及所使用的其他材料。在试验进行的同时，测量组开始测量土地，以便精确算出需要多大的施工量以及造价。之后，施工人员即可进入工地。,
