《非谓语动词考点(经典)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词考点(经典)（161页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高考英语专题指导之 非谓语动词考点归纳,不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,注意事项,解题步骤,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 非谓语动词 不定式, 动名词, 现在分词, 过去分词,一、不定式,（一）不定式的语法形式,动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.,具有名词, 形容词和副词的特征,可充
2、当成分: 主语 , 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.,（二）不定式的句法 功能,1. 作主语,侧重于动作的具体性和将来性 To talk with you is a great pleasure. to find the building took him a lot of time 但为使句子平衡,常用it 代它作主语, 把它移到句子后部去. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. It took him a lot of time to find the building. 侧重于动作的具体性和将来性,2. 作宾语,A. 跟不定式作宾语
3、的常见动词: ()hope, want , expect, wish, desire等表希望，想要的动词 ()like, love, dislike ,hate等表好恶的动词 () plan, intend, mean, prepare等表 计划，打算的动词 ()decide, determine 等表决定的动词,（）其他动词 Afford, fail, manage, try、arrange、 dare, help , promise、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree、forget ,botherI want to do it myself. Our teacher pr
4、omised to see the film with us.,B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do.,C. 常跟形式宾语的动词 有些及物动词需要后接”宾语+宾补”意思才完整.作宾语的动词不定式还带有自己的补足语,常用it 替代,而将其
5、移到补足语后. Consider, feel, make ,find, believe, know, regard We think it important to obey the law. I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.,3. 作表语,A.表示按计划和安排发生的事情He is to marry Rose. B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性 Her wishes was to become an artist. C. 表示情态意义(应该, 必须) The form is to be filled in an
6、d returned within a week. She is to blame.,4.不定式作定语,A.表即将发生的情况 Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.(主谓关系) She has a good chance to go to college. (同位关系) He has got lots of questions to ask. (动宾关系) What a lot of invitations to send out.,注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词, 它后
7、面应有必要的介词. There is nothing to worry about. 2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时, 它后面要带上必要的介词. I need a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in,B. 常跟不定式作定语的名词 need, time, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, decision, wish Is that the best way to solve the problem? They had no chance
8、 to go to school in those years. Our decision to wait was wise.,跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词 A. let, have, make, get等表使役的动词 They made us go with them. ( 比较: They made a lot of paper flowers to decorate the room.) 注意: Let/ have/make sb do ; get sb to do They got us to go with them.,B. ask, tell, request, order等表要求,
9、命令的动词 The chairman requested the members to be silent. My teacher asked me to go there on time.,C. allow, permit, forbid等表许可或禁止的动词The guard forbade me to enter. D. wish, want, expect, intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法) Many parents expect their children to study abroad.,E. see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、obser
10、ve、feel等表感官的动词 I noticed tears come out of his eyes. We often hear her sing the song at home. 注: 这些词后的不定式均不带to,F. think, consider, find, believe, suppose, know, understand, take 后常跟不定式作宾补(常用 to be 结构) I consider him (to be) one of the best singers in the country. He proved himself (to be) a good tea
11、cher. She is believed to have gone to the USA.,G. 其他动词 advise, help, persuade, encourage, warn, cause, force, remind Please remind me to take the raincoat. He advised me to read English as often as possible.,6. 不定式作状语,1)不定式作目的状语 Tim sat near the fire to get warm. The athletes practised hard to win t
12、he match.,为强调作作目的状语的不定式, 常用in order (not) to，so as (not) to短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中,2).不定式作结果状语 作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中如:too to, enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词+ as to do引导。 Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it lock
13、ed inside. (强调意外结果) He is brave enough to go out alone at night Im not such a fool as to believe that.,3). 不定式作原因状语 常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后,说明产生这种情绪的原因 I am happy to see you. She was sad to hear the bad news. Im anxious /eager to know the result. 常用的形容词有 able, content ,willing, free, happy, glad, lucky, sorr
14、y , angry, sad, rude, foolish, clever ,（三） 不定式的省略现象,1)不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the distance. 但这种句子如果变为被动结构，有to They were made to work day and night. Someone was heard to come
15、up the stairs.,2)介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except wait then. 反之, 则不能省略 Ive no choice but to stay here.,3)不定式在系动词 后作表语时, 当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。 例: What I want to do now is find some books to read.,4)有两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第二个不定式的 to 可以省略 I promise to fi
16、nish my homework and hand it on time. 5)当作宾语的不定式重复时, 只保留to -Do you want to have a rest? -Yes, I want to, but I cant.,但当to后面的动词是be或have时,要保留不定式后的be或have-Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ).- Does she have much money?- No, but she used to have.,6)在固定词组和句型中省略to A. had better do/ had better not do Youd better not see him. B. would rather do sth. than do sth. They would rather try and fail than give up the plan,C. cannot but do sth.cannot choose but do sth.cannot help but do sth. “不得不.” As the last bus had gone, I could but walk there. He cannot help but admit that he was wrong.,
