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1、初中英语语法,动词过去时态,动词过去时态,一般过去式 过去进行时 过去完成时,一般过去式,1）构成:用动词的过去式，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下： 一般情况+ed 以e字母结尾的辅音+d 以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied 重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed,2）肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例） 肯定句： I was a student. We/You/ They were students. He/ She was a student. I / We/ You/ They/ liked music. Many people liked music.,否
2、定句： I was not a student. We/You/ They were not students. He/ She was not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music. Many people didnt like music.,疑问句： Were you a student. Were you/ they students? Was he/ she a student? Did you/ they like music? Did many people like music?,一般过去时的用法,1.过去时间内，经常性或习
3、惯性动作。 When i was a child, o often played football in the street 2. 确定的过去时间内发生的动作，一般时间状语：yesterday，three months ago,last year，in 1979，often，always等。 Mott is out. But he left here a few minutes ago.,3.wish，wonder， think，hope 用于过去时，做试探性的询问，请求，建议等。 I thought you might have come我以为你想要一些,4.句型： Its time fo
4、r sb. to do sth. (该是了） It is time for you to have a rest. Its time sb. did sth. It is time you went to bed.,过去进行时,过去进行时用于表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。 结构 was/were +动词现在分词,用法： 1.过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while We
5、were watching TV from seven to nine last night.,2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。 What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. (when从句表示时间点),3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。 While he was waiting for the bus, he was r
6、eading a newspaper. (两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.(两个动作同时进行),4. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。 误：I was knowing the answer. 正：I kne
7、w the answer. 我知道答案。,过去完成时,概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）” 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.,主要用法 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经
8、完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。 （主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）,2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ),3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在，此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ，before ，never
9、 等时间副词及 by ，before ，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.,4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能
10、）,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。,试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。,Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）,
