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1、大学英语四级真题辅导 -语法考点,虚拟语气 倒装句,虚拟语气 1.用在由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子中 （1）与现在的事实相反：(If . + were/did.,.+ would do.)If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你，就会嫁给他。 （2）与过去的事实相反：(If . + had done., . +would have done.)If you had worked hard, you would have the exam.如果你用功学习，就会通过考试了。 （3）与将来的事实可能相反：(If .+ should do.,.+ would d
2、o.)If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨，你怎么办?,2用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为： “.(should ) + do sth.” 类似用法的动词有：insist（坚持）， suggest（建议）， order（命令）， propose（建议），demand（要求）， command （命令），advise（建议）， desire（要求、请求），request（请求）， require（需要、要求），ask（要求）， prefer（宁愿），recommend（推荐） arrange（安排），adv
3、ocate（拥护、提倡），maintain（坚决主张）等后面的宾语从句中。,e.g. She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。 e.g. He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for.他劝我们派人请医生。,3用在“It + be + adj. + that结构中important , necessary, natural, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable, surpri
4、sing, vital, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, imperative, eager, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, strange, urgent 等，以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended,e.g. It is essential that the program (should) be loaded into compute
5、r. 把程序输进计算机非常必要。 e.g. It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚准备好。,4用在It is time that . 结构中表示“该干某事了”，含建议的意思，用动词过去式:注意: time 前可加about（表示“大约”）或high（表示 “强调”）等。,It is high time that we were off. 是我们该走的时候了。 It is time that we went to (should go) bed. 我们该睡觉了。,5wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语
6、气与现在事实相反，用were 或动词的一般过去式；与过去事实相反，用had +过去分词或would /could +have +过去分词；与将来事实相反（没有把握或太大可能实现的愿望）用 would / should (could, might)+动词原形,I wish she were here. 她在这儿就好了。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要听我的话就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一起去。,6as ifas though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气用一般过去时表示和现在事实相反或对
7、现在的情况有 所怀疑； 用过去完成时表示过去想象中的动作或情况。 用would (might, could )表示将来的可能性不大。She looks as though she were sick. 她看上去好像生病的样子。 I feel as if we had known each other years. 我感觉好像我们已经认识多年了。 e.g. It looks as if it might rain. 看上去好像要下雨了。,7would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would ratherwould sooner和would just as soon等表示“宁愿”。用一般
8、过去时表示对现在或将来的一种愿望。用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。,Id rather I paid the money myself. 我宁愿我自己付钱。 Id rather he hadnt done that . 我真愿他没有做那件事。,8Lest, in case方式状语从句中的虚拟语气从句用should+原形或直接用原形，不受主句动词 时态的任何影响。,He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain. 他带了雨伞，怕下雨。 Heres some money in case you need it. 这儿有点钱以防你需要。,9. If
9、 only 后面的虚拟语气谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在没有实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望， 常译成“要是就好了”。If only I could speak several foreign languages! 我要是能讲几种外语就好了。If only she had known where to find you. 她要是知道去哪儿找你就好了。,Inversion,Full Inversion Partial Inversion,倒装(全部倒装和部分倒装),1.全部倒装(Full Inversion), 又称主谓倒装 (Subject-verb Inversion)。
10、Here are some letters for you. Down poured the rain.2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion), 又称主语与助动词/情态动词倒装(Subject-operator Inversion)。Never have I heard such nonsense.Only today did I learn the dreadful news.,全部倒装句的具体用法,1. 用于由here, there, now, then 等副词引导的句子，通常称作把时间状语或地点状语提前的倒装句，其谓语动词通常跟在时间状语或地点状语之后。Here is the
11、 book you want.Now comes your turn. 2.在带有助动词“ be ”的句子中，动词-ing和-ed形式可移至句首，主语移至“ be ”后面，形成全部倒装。Buried in the sands was an ancient village.,3.为了使描写的景象更生动,常把拟声词或away, in, out, up 等状语放在句首,从而引起主谓全部倒装。Down it fell from the apple tree. The door opened. In rushed the crowd.4.当句子的主语较长而谓语较短时，常将状语放在句首，主谓全部倒装使句子
12、结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。Faint grow the sound of the bell.,部分倒装句的具体用法,1. 句首是否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，常用部分倒装。Under no circumstances shall we cancel the party.常用于这一结构的词或短语有：other time, by no means, under no circumstances, hardly, scarcely, seldom, in no way, in vain, little, never, rarely, few, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, no
13、where, not until, not onlybut also, not a single word, not frequently,Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。 Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！ Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.演出刚开始电灯就灭了。 No sooner did we sit down
14、to dinner than the phone rang. 我们刚一坐下吃饭电话铃就响起来。 Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 直到她看到了礼物才感到高兴。,2. 句首是 only 引导的状语时, 需要部分倒装。Only in this way can we solve the problem.Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.常用短语还有：only by chance, only then, only
15、with difficulty, only on a rare occasion 等等。 3. sothat 结构中的 so 置于句首时，需要部分倒装。So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal. 他走得那么快，我们谁也赶不上他。 句首是 many a time, to such a degree / extent, to such a extremes, to such a lengths, to such a point, with every justification, with good reason 等状语时，句子需要部分倒装
16、。To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt go to sleep that night.,4.用于以 neither, nor 开始的省略句，表示 “也不” ；用于以 so 开始的省略句，表示 “也如此” 。I dont care for sweet. Neither do I.Im not very fond of carrots. Nor am I. I enjoyed the play and so did my sisters.5.在虚拟语气中，条件从句的 if 省略时，had, were, should, could 需与主语倒装。Were I you , I wouldnt ask such a silly question.Had I been there, I should have known what had happened.,
