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1、学位三级英语高分语法指导一学位三级英语高分语法指导一定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对 TOEFL 应注意以下几点:(1)the 和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:the fern(蕨类),the wallflower(2)序数词之前必须用 the,如:the first woman,the nineteenth century ,但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby(3)形容词最高级之前必须用 the(有物主代词时除外),如:the largest city,the most advanced technology(4)of 连接的名词前多用 the,如:the de
2、velopment of the watch(5)世界上独一无二的东西前应加 the,如:the globe(地球),the equator(赤道),the moon,the sun在下列情况下,一般不用 the:(1)表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前,一般不加,如:Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语),February(二月), America(美国)但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上 the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖),the Changjiang River(长江)(2)无特指的不可数名词前,如:al
3、gebra(代数学), advertising,accounting(会计学)(3)表示类别的复数名词前,如:Historians believe that,Amphibians(两栖动物)hatch from(4)一些固定词组中,如:in history,in nature,at work,at home,go to school,go to bed,in bed乘车的词组:by train(乘火车),by car (乘汽车),by bicycle(骑脚踏车),by bus (乘公共汽车),by land(由陆路),by sea (由海路),by water (由水路) ,by air (通
4、过航空),on foot (步行),by plane(乘飞机) ,by ship (乘船)打球的词组:play tennis,play baseball,play basketball注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可,如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用,下 面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much,a large amount of,a great deal of,a wealth of(大量的、丰富的)little /a little /less /least,a piece /sh
5、eet /slice /bar of,属不可数名词专用另外一些词(词 组)如 such,some /any (of),most (of),a lot of,lots of,the rest of,plenty of 等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。有些形容词本身就 具有“比。年长”、“ 比优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高 级。学位三级英语高分语法指导二学位三级英语高分语法指导二有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: absolute(绝对的),unique(独一无二的),infinite(无限的), round(圆的),right(对的),correct(
6、正确的),wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词对于 most 来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most 的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点:1、当 most 表示大多数时,之前不加 the,并且有两种形式来表示大多数, 分别为:most + 名词如:most people,most Indian tribes;most + of + 限定词+ 名词或代 词,如:most of his paintings,most of us,most of the modern artists2、most 有时意思等同于 very,此时 most 之前用不定冠
7、词如:a most lovely girl,a most impressive proposal例题:(1)The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.A B C D答案:A应改为:Most解释:most 只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大 多数”,没必要加 theAluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth,but the nonmetals oxygen A B Cand silicon are more still ab
8、undant. D考点:程度副词答案:D应改为:still more解释:程度副词 still 修饰比较级 more 时,应置于其前。几点参考规则:1、多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:She sings very well.I met your uncle(动词的宾语)just now.I met just now your uncle (错)2、副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:These two are only slightly different.right after this,very smoothly当然,副词 enough 是
9、一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:I am not good enough to do this job. (对)I am not enough good to do this job. (错)3、表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be 动词之后,如:He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis、He is always here at 8clock.(be 动词之后)4、部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如: only,even,still,perhaps。学位三级英语高分语法指导三学位三级英语高分语法指
10、导三容易混淆的词hard(努力,副词)hardly (几乎不,副词)close(接近,形容词)closely(接近,副词)near(接近,形容词)nearly (几乎,副词),nearby(adj.邻近的)most(大多数的,形容词)mostly(主要地,大部分 副词)late(迟、晚,形容词)lately (最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的)high(高的,形容词)highly (adv. 非常,大大的)另外:friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有 ly,但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语如:To see is to believe. (百闻不如
11、一见)To work hard should be your major concern.注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语 it 所代替例如上面第二句可以变为:It should be your major concern to work hard.又如:It is very nice of you to help me.不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:something to read,nothing to do,anything to declare,a lot to complain of,the right person to talk to。由上述例子不难看出
12、不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之 后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的 complain + of,talk +to)不定式定 语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow,the meeting to be held in June独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致如:(With)His mouth filled with water,he couldnt utter a word. (独立主格)对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:Filling his mouth with water,he couldnt utter a word.在 TOE
13、FL 考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self 和-selves 经常 故意写错反身代词的用法可以用来做宾语:He hurt himself when he fell.可以用来做表语:He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调,表示“亲自”的意 思I myself do it.I do it myself.They made the research themselves.学位三级英语高分语法指导四学位三级英语高分语法指导四牢记 make possible 的三种形式:1、make+名词+possib
14、le;His financial aid makes this trip possible.2、make+possible+名词(名词短语较长时)His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese students entering of the world famous university.3、make it possible(for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分)The fathers hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education.定语从句可
15、分为限定性和非限定性两种,其主要区别为:1、非限定性定语从句中,引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。2、非限定性定语从句中,引导词一般不用 that,在修饰人时用 who,whom,whose。He had three children,all of whom had graduated from college.在修饰物时用 which,部分状语从句可以省略,在填空题中时有出现。如:Although defeated,he did not lose heart. (从句中省略了 he was)If in formed timely,I wouldnt have missed the meetin
16、g. (从句中 省略了 I were)注意:当现在完成时的时间状语是 for + 一段时间(已经有时间了), 和 since + 一个时间点(自从以来)的时候,句中的谓语不能是非延续性动 词(暂短性动词),如不能说:I have borrowed the book for ten days. (错误: borrow 这个动作是发生在图书出纳台上的一次性动作,不能延续, 因此不能和 for 引导的时间状语连用)应改为:I have kept the book for ten days.这样的暂短性动词还有:buy/sell,break,die,graduate,drop 等倒装。倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分。学位三级英语高分语法指导五学位三级英语高分语法指导五倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种:一、全部倒装谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:Out came his guest.On the hill stood