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1、翻译理论与实践课程简介,第一学期,I. 翻译入门： 翻译概论：定义、标准 翻译的过程：理解、表达、审校 翻译学习方法； 工具书的选择与运用 翻译的方法：直译意译；归化异化 II. 英汉语言十大对比规律1. Synthetic vs. Analytic (综合性语与分析性语)2. Rigid vs. Supple （刚性与柔性）3. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic （形合与意合） 4. Complex vs. Simplex （繁复与简单）5. Impersonal vs. Personal （物称与人称） 6. Passive vs. Active （被动与主动）7. St
2、atic vs. Dynamic （静态与动态）8. Abstract vs. Concret （抽象与具体）9. Indirect vs. Direct （间接与直接）10. Substitute vs. Repetitive（替换与重复） III八大翻译技巧：翻译的常用技巧（一）转性与变态翻译的常用技巧（二）增补与省略 V. Eugene Didas Dynamic equivalence theory,第二学期 I 翻译的常用技巧（三）正译与反译翻译的常用技巧（四）抽象与具体翻译的常用技巧（五）分句与合句 II 克服翻译腔长句的翻译语篇翻译 III Peter Newmarks theo
3、ryGutts Relevance theory IV. 实用文体翻译 公文文体 新闻文体 文学文体 旅游文体 产品说明书 商务英语 广告翻译,Requirements for this class,Requirements for this class,1. rules in class Food; garbage; Pen and paper for exercises; dictionary; Free speech 2. assignments and presentation Presentation: 10-15min.1.analysis of difficult words a
4、nd sentences; 2. background information; 3 different versions; why? 4 final translation 5. anything that is important for this assignments,3. email 13588325336 Always tell me your name first if you want to get a response 4. weekly assignment: one chapter for each week, first ten chapters for this te
5、rm. 5. no cheating: online translation 6. 60% final exam15% presentation15% assignments5% participation5% attendance,How to learn this course,1. Try to enjoy this course as much as I do.2. Practice makes perfect.3. learn how to fish.4.take a dictionary to class.,Translation Theories and Practice,Ple
6、ase translate the following,1. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 2. 吃了吗？3. to gild the lily,“To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, to throw a perfume on the violet, to smooth the ice, or add another hue unto the rainbow . . . is wasteful and ridiculous excess.“ - William Shakespe
7、are,Example 3,to gild (or paint) the lily,1.给百合花镀金 2.给百合花上色 3.花上贴金 4.花上添锦 5.锦上添花 6.画蛇添足 7.徒劳无益 8.多此一举,1 What is Translation? 2 The Assessment of Translation 3The Competence of a Translator 4 Basic Process of Translating 5 the use of Dictionaries,terms,Source language-SL 译出语 Target language-TL 译入语 ST
8、, TT 原文，译文 Different versions 不同的翻译（版本）,Linguistic Views on TranslationTranslation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)(Catford, 1965: 20). 翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容和形式不可分割的统一中业已表达出来的东西，准确而完全地表达出来。（费道罗夫苏）,Cultural
9、 Views on TranslationIn the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication between different cultures, i.e. translation is an “intercultural communication”; hence the terms of “intercultural cooperation”, and “transculturation”.,Lit
10、erary Views on TranslationTranslators who hold this view believe that translation is an artistic recreation or a recreated art. Some modern Western scholars from the literary school take literary translation to be “the manipulation or rewriting of the source text”. 翻译是一门实践性很强的艺术。是一种需要具有创造技巧的艺术实践。是运用
11、语言的艺术。 （林汝昌、李曼珏，） 翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。,Criteria of translation,文学翻译的最高标准可以说是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于“化境”钱钟书真有灵感的译文，像投胎重生的灵魂一般，令人觉得是一种“再创造”。余光中,Communicative Views on TranslationTranslating is essentially an act of communication. (Hatim and Mason, 1997:vii).Comm
12、unicative translation is generally oriented towards the needs of the target language reader or recipient. A translator who is translating communicatively will treat source text as a message rather than a mere string of linguistic units, and will be concerned to preserve source texts original functio
13、n and to reproduce its effect on the new audience (Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997:21).,Functional Views on TranslationTranslation can be perceived from the outside, from the clients or other users point of view, or from inside, from the translators point of view.Translation is different things for differ
14、ent people. For people who are not translators, it is primarily a text; for people who are, it is primarily an activity. (Robinson, 1998:6) 译者的主要任务是令客户的金钱花得其所。在大多数情况下， 译者考虑的重点是客户而不是原作者。（周兆祥， 1996：22）,1. Criteria from translation history 2 Criteria for Beginners of Translation 忠实：忠实于原作，准确、完整地表达原作的内容，
15、尽量体现其风格。不得歪曲、增删、遗漏、篡改原作的信息。 通顺：译作语言明白流畅、符合规范；句、段意思连贯，符合语法、逻辑和修辞的规则。不用文理不通、生硬晦涩、模棱两可、随意生造的词句。译作与原作的通顺程度应保持一致。 速度：在符合上述两个标准的前提下，速度越快越好。,英语专业八级的翻译教学要求能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时350-400个英文单词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。,drills,1)This will go a long way towards overcomi
16、ng the difficulty. 2) Go it while you are young. 3) I could do with more leisure time. 4) This failure was the making of him. 5) I wish peace could be saved at the eleventh hour. 6) He is too ready to speak. 7) News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district. 8) This is a 100-hour reliable engine. 9) He wanted to learn, to know, to teach. 10) Linda is a good singer and a good dancer, a great actress and a great joker.,
