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1、 中考英语阅读理解专题教学设计一、教学目标：1、知识与技能目标：1）了解中考阅读理解题的特点。2）掌握简单有效的四种阅读策略和解题策略，以提高答题正确率。3）通过大量的训练实践引导学生观察，思考，归纳，运用，帮助他们熟练并能有效地运用各种策略，锻炼思维及实践操作能力。 2、情感态度与价值观：帮助学生形成正确清晰的解题思路，掌握有效的技巧，让学生在课堂上通过亲身体验各种解题技巧的形成和运用，得到思维的锻炼。让学生逐步地从“了解策略掌握策略熟练运用策略”发展，帮助学生实现从“学读”到“会读”再到“乐读”的转变，培养学生自主学习的能力，并有效提高英语成绩。二、教学重难点：1、掌握阅读理解解题的四种阅
2、读策略和解题策略。2、各种策略在实践中的熟练运用。三、教学对象分析：之前学生对阅读理解题的特点不太了解，解题方法也不太明确，因此答题正确率不高。甚至有的学生做阅读理解题就瞎蒙，完全碰运气，往往在这种题型中失分率较高。四、教学方法语篇整体阅读教学法五、教学辅助手段：多媒体六、教学过程Step 1:介绍中考命题原则，命题形式和特点，分析中考命题趋势。命题原则：根据英语课程标准对阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：1、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；2、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取
3、信息；5、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到 15 万词以上命题形式和特点：1、命题形式历年来我省英语中考阅读理解题均分为 A,B 两部分。A 部分为单选类题型，B 部分为七选五，即根据短文内容，从方框中的七个选项中，选出五个还原到文章中，使短文意思通顺，结构完整。这种题型更侧重考察学生对文章中各句子之间的逻辑关系和对文章脉络结构的理解。2、命题特点(1)体裁与题材 试题分类 体裁 题材A 篇 应用文 旅行和参观B 篇 记叙文 人物介绍C 篇 议论文 绿色时装A部分D 篇 说明文 睡眠2010 年中考阅读理解B 部分 记叙文 生活习俗试题分类 体裁 题材A 篇
4、 应用文 菜单B 篇 记叙文 沙漠之旅C 篇 议论文 社会现象A部分D 篇 说明文 人眼识别2011 年中考阅读理解B 部分 说明文 幸福之道（2）考察项目题型 2009 2010细节题 66、67、68、69、77、78、79、 66、67、68、69、70、71、73、76、79、词汇句意题 74 78推断题 70、71、73、75 74、75、77主旨题 72、76、80 72、79、80命题趋势体裁多样，题材涉及广泛，时代感强。考察项目以细节理解为主，兼顾一定数量的词汇句意题，推断题和主旨题。近几年细节理解题数量有所下降，推断题和主旨题数量有所增加，说明对学生的阅读理解能力要求有所提高
5、。设计意图：学生对中考既害怕又想了解，通过介绍和分析，激发了学生的学习兴趣，引导学生观察思考，从而进一步介绍和训练各种阅读策略和解题策略。Step 2: 介绍和训练四种阅读策略介绍四种阅读策略常见的阅读策略有：略读（skimming）：快速将材料读一遍，了解文章大义。找读（scanning）：根据所要寻找的信息，有选择地阅读。目的是掌握细节内容，快速获取有效信息。词意猜测（word-guessing）：根据上下文，常识或构词法猜测文中单词或短语的意思。推理判断（inferring）：根据语篇知识，上下文及常识等理解文章隐含之意；利用注释，归纳等逻辑手段，借助图表等对文章各种语言信息和非语言信息
6、作出适当的推理和判断。设计意图：在课堂教学中，教师结合教学内容对学生进行不同的阅读策略指导,让学生在完成学习任务的过程中练习，巩固使用策略。学生对英语阅读的兴趣及水平都会增强。在课堂教学中渗透阅读策略训练是提高学生自主学习能力的有效途径。Step 3: 介绍中考考察项目及相应解题策略，并让学生分小组合作学习，讨论。考察项目及解题策略（1）细节题。在中考阅读理解中，大部分题目属于细节理解题，旨在考查考生对某个具体事实或某个具体情节，或对某个特定的细节是否理解，有的答案可从所提供的阅读材料中直接找出；有的答案是短文中某个句子或经过改写的句子；有的则需要结合上下文提供的信息进行简单的分析，概括，甚至
7、计算，最后得出正确答案。例如：（10 年江西中考）B 篇In 1975，Junko Tabei became the first woman to reach the to p of Mount Everest in the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountain in the world at 29,035 feet.Junko was born in 1939 and grew up in a small town in Japan. During her childhood, she was thin and weak. At age 10, J
8、unko went on a school trip. The students climbed two mountains, and Junko loved it. She could climb in her own time and ability.After Junko graduated from university in 1962, she joined several climbing clubs. But they had mostly men members. Some refused to climb with a woman. In 1965, Junko marrie
9、d a well-known Japanese climber. Over the years, they climbed all the highest mountains of Japan.Meanwhile Junko started a womans climbing club. By 1972, she was chosen to lead a team of women to climb Mount Everest. It took three years for the 15 women to train and raise money for their climb.Final
10、ly in 1975, the team went to climb the mountain. They found nine guides to help them climb up the mountain. Everything went well until the morning of May 4. Suddenly a huge amount of snow and ice fell on them. One guide saved Junko. She rushed to help others. Everyone was alive but they had injuries
11、, including Junko. However, the team decided to continue their climb. About two weeks later, on May 16, Junko reached the top of Mount Everest. Later she said,“I cant understand why men make all this fuss(过于关注) about Everest - its only a mountain.”69. When Junko was 10, she _.A. didnt like sports or
12、 games B. often went on school tripsC. realized that she loved to climb D. climbed mountains by herself70. In 1972, Junko _.A. started a womans climbing clubB. trained 15 women for their climb C. raised enough money for a climb to Mount EverestD. became a leader of a woman team to climb Mount Everes
13、t71. During their climb to Mount Everest, Junko and her team _.A. got little help from the guidesB. went on climbing after they had injuriesC. had to stop climbing because of their injuries答案：DDB（2）词汇句意题。考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟
14、悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验。例如：（10 年江西中考）D 篇About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep. Many of these people cannot fall asleep. The name of this problem is insomnia. Some people say, “I didnt sleep all night.” But thats not really true. They may sleep lightly and wake up several
15、times. In the morning, they only remember the times they were awake(醒着), so they think they were awake all night.This is not a new problem. Many famous people in history had insomnia. Some of these people had special ideas to make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin had four beds. He moved from one to the
16、 other to fall asleep. Mark Twain had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of the bed!78. What does “insomnia” mean in this passage?A. No sleep. B. Bad sleep. C. Slow sleep. D. Sleep with many dreams.答案：A（3）推断题。推断性考题旨在考查学生透过表面的文字信息，对某些深层次情节经过分析、综合、归纳，作出合乎逻辑的推理。这类题的答案通常不在文章中明确表现出来，要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上，推断文章的潜在含义，找出结论。例如：（10 年江西中考）C 篇Green fashion is about making (and wearing) clothes that are good
