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1、Grammar,Subject-Verb Concord 主谓一致,?,主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,All of them _ workers.,are,主谓一致有三大原则：,语法一致原则,就近原则,意义一致原则,语法一致原则之一：主语为复数，谓语动词为复数,1. 主语由and或 both and连接的两个
2、并列成分充当，表示两个概念：,My brother and I have both seen the film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.,语法一致原则之二：主语为单数，谓语动词为单数,单数名词，抽象名词，物质名词做主语：,1. His spare time was all spent in playing computer games. 2. The water is dirty.,1. 由and 连接的并列成分指同一个人或物，同一概念或配套事物,The singer and dancer is expected
3、 to visit our school tomorrow. 试比较: The singer and the dancer are expected to visit our school tomorrow.,意义一致原则：主语形式即使单数，但意义是复数，谓语动词为复数；主语形式即使是复数，但意义是单数，谓语动词为单数。,谓语动词用单数的情况,是否and连接的主语，谓语都用复数 ？,(is/are) 1. Both bread and sugar _sold out. 2. The worker and the writer _ from Beijing. 3. The worker and
4、writer _ from Wuhan.,由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现,谓语用单数。 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念，谓语用复数。,are,are,is,2.主语或由and连接的两个并列名词作主语，由each, every, many a , more than one 或 no 修饰时，谓语要用单数。,More than one student in this class has ever been to U.K. Each doctor and (each nurse) / Every doctor and (every) nurse was
5、given a new shirt. No sound and no voice is heard. Many a boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake.,Exercise and Rules,1.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A. have B. are C. has D. is 2.Every means _ been tried since then.A. has B. were C. was D. has been 3.Each actor and (each) actres
6、s_ invited to our school. (is /are) 4.Every boy and (every) girl _ got a toy train. (has/have) 5.No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday. (agree/agrees),C,A,is,has,agrees,3. “one/ every one/ each / either/ the number of + 复数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数,The number of people invited was fifty, but ma
7、ny were absent.Every one of us is looking forward to the coming holiday.,4. 不定式to do , 动词-ing 和主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数,To learn English well is not easy.Seeing is believing .What he said has been recorded.,5. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语表示一个整体概念,One thousand dollars is too expensive for the bag. Sixty years is
8、a long time. Three thousand miles is a long distance.,*如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。,More than fifty years have passed since they got married. 他们夫妻已共同走过了50年。,*由any-, some-, no-和-one, -thing, -body以及no one, the other等构成的不定代词作主语,Somebody has lost his car keys. Is anyone going to tell him the news？ There is nobody i
9、n the house. Everyone is ready now. Someone wants to see you.,*以-s结尾，表示学科，国家，机构，书籍，报刊等名称的“形复义单”的名词作主语，如news, physics, maths,politics, the United States, the United Nations,The Thousand and One Nights等。,1. Physics is closely related to mathematics. 2. Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens
10、 in 1860.,Exercise and Rules,1. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English. (is/ are) 2. Whether he comes or not _ of no matter. (is /are) 3. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (is/are) 4. Listening, speaking, reading and writing _four skills for English study. (is/are) 5
11、. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. (is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,2. people(人民), police, cattle(牛群) 等集体名词作主语,The police have caught the murder.,*“the+形容词/ 分词”作主语表示一类人，谓语动词用复数；但若表示抽象事物，则用单数,The wounded were sent home. 类似短语有the old, the young, the poor, the r
12、ich, the disabled, the blind等,谓语动词用复数的情况,7. trousers, scissors, clothes, goods(货物), glasses 等名词作主语，若这些名词前面无表示“一条”,“一副”的单位词，谓语动词则为复数，否则由单位词的数决定。,1. My glasses have become steamed up.2. Mike s trousers are broken.,谓语动词单复数视情况而定,1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, enemy, party, crowd, crew(船员), audi
13、ence, public, government, majority, group, army等作主语，若强调整体，意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调整体中的个体，意义上为复数，谓语动词用复数形式：,My family is a large one. The whole family are watching TV. This group is having a meeting. The group are reading the newspapers.(指组内成员) The army is going to remain in this town.The army have rescu
14、ed the travellers.(指部队中的官兵),2. 有些名词，如means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish, series等，单复数同形，谓语动词的数由具体语境决定。,The quickest means (最快的方法) of travel is by plane. All means (所有方法) have be tried, but they still cannot solve the problem. Chinese (中文) is my favorite subject. The Chinese (中国人)are famous f
15、or their hard work.,3.由 “a kind / sort/ type / series of 或者this kind/ sort/ type of +名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数;some kinds /sorts /types/series of 作主语谓语动词，用复数。,eg.This kind of apples tastes very sweet.Some kinds of animals are dying out.,4. 代词none, some, all, neither 等作主语，谓语动词的数根据其代指的内容决定。,5. the rest of, half
16、of, majority of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, percent of 以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于后面名词的数。 复数名词用复数，单数名词和不可数名词用单数,70% of the students in our class are boys.,Exercise,1. 70 percent of the surface _covered with water.（is/are) 2. 70 percent of the farmers _ improved their living conditions. (have/has) 3. The rest of his journey _ pleasant.(was/were) 4. The rest of the girls _ fond of music.( is /are),
