计算机专业英语ppt

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1、1,计算机专业英语,Computer science major courseComputer English,2,Computer English,Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer English,Computer science major course,3,用以描述计算机领域各种技术概念及过程的英语词汇、表达方式和篇章的总称。,计算机英语,掌握计算机相应的英语术语、缩略语 能独立阅读和翻译计算机相关的科技文章,学习目的:,4,As a computer science students, we should study English hardThis

2、 course is very important to everyone of us,5,一、专业英语的主要特点,词汇、句子方面: 新词多、术语多、长句多; 常出现缩略词; 常用虚拟语气表达假设或建议; 常用It句型结构;,6,语法方面:, 时态形式使用比较单一; 经常使用被动语态; 经常使用名词做定语; 经常使用复合句; 经常使用动名词、动词分词和不定式等非限定 性动词; 逻辑词语使用频繁,如:as a result, on the contrary, in short 等,7,二、翻译,内容客观准确,被动句使用普遍; 重在表述科学原理,技术流程,常有长句出现; 大量的术语出现。,8,Tr

3、anslation :,It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These charac

4、teristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.,9,译文:,很难确切地说现代计算机是什么时候发明的。从20世纪30年代到40年代,制造了许多类似计算机的机器。但是这些机器大部分没有今天我们所说的计算机的所有特征。这些特性是:机器是电子的,具有储存的程序, 而且是通用的。,10,三:专业英语的专业性与客观性,1.由于专业英语的客观性,所以在文章中常常使用被动语态。(占到3分之1到2分之一) 2.由于专业英语所涉及的内容没有特定的时

5、间关系,所以大部分都使用一般现在时。 3.专业英语中用尽可能少的单词来表达愿意,所以常使用非限定动词、名词化单词或词组及其他简化形式。,11,Non-finite verb,非限定动词,也叫非谓语动词,在句中作谓语不能单独。其中包括:不定式(infinitive)动名词(gerund) 动词+ing构成,具有名词和动词的特性,在句中起名词的作用。分词(participle) 分词为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生。完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,12,.,4.专业英语在用词上具有准确性,为了准确精细的描述事物过程,所以句子都比

6、较长,有些甚至一段就是一句。 Eg.: After all, the purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge but to teach students to use the knowledge that they either have or will find, to teach them to ask and seek answers for important questions.,13,Translation :,Software also continued to develop during this time.

7、Many new programming languages were designed, including COBOL in 1960. More and more businesses and organizations were beginning to use computers for their data processing needs.,14,译文:,在此期间软件也在继续发展。许多新的编程语言被发明,包括1960年发明的COBOL。越来越多的企业和组织开始使用计算机以满足他们的数据处理需要。,15,各种时态的被动语态: 1.一般现在时:主语+be+过去分词+by 2.一般过去

8、时:主语+be+过去分词+by 3.一般将来时:主语+will(shall)+be +过去分词 4.现在进行时:主语+be(am is are)+being +过去分词 5.现在完成时:主语+has/have+been+过去分词,16,6.过去进行时: 主语+was(were)+being+及物动词的过去分词 7.过去完成时: 主语+had been+及物动词的过去分词,17,英语的句子成分:,英语的句子成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。 一、主语(subject)主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、

9、代词、数词、不定式、从句等或相当于名词的词组或短语来充当。 1. David is an engineer. 2. The plan has just taken off. 3. To teach them English is my job. 4. It is my job to teach them English. 5. It is difficult to swim in the river. _is a fact that English is being accepted as anInternational language. A. There B. This C. That D

10、. It 7. Going to the movies is a popular pastime. 8. Waiting for him in the rain make me ill. 9. What he said made her cry.,18,二、谓语,谓语是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语是与主语密切相关的动作或状态,是对主语的叙述。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。谓语通常在主语后面。 (一)简单谓语:凡是由一个动词构成,不管是什么状态、语气、都属于 简单谓语。 1.He practices running everyday. 2.She take good ca

11、re of her little brother. 3.Shell be leaving for Hong Kong in the next Monday. (二)复合谓语: 1.情态动词+主要动词 Eg: She may be bringing some friend home.He must have arrived by air.,19,2.助动词+主要动词,帮助句子构成时态、语态、疑问句的词 Eg: She doesnt come. ( do, does, be going to, has, have) We were going to see him.He hasnt come ba

12、ck yet. 3. 系动词+表语(系表结构)系动词亦称联系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 系动词可分为:1.状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be一词 2.持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 3.表像系动词,用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look 4.感官系动词,感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste 5.变化系动词,这些系动词表示主语变成什么

13、样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 6.终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, out, 表达“证实“,“变成“之意,20,1.It sound a good idea. 2.Im keeping in very good health. 3.Rose smell sweet. 4.He remained standing for nearly an hour. 5.His hair turned grey in a few weeks.,21,表语:是用来说明主语的身份、状态,主要是说明主语“是什么”或“怎

14、么样”,由名词,代词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,从句等及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。表语放在系动词之后。 E g: The weather has turned cold.You look younger than before. (adj.)We are friends. (n.)He isnt in. (adv.)The two countries are at war now .(介词短语)My job is to teach them English.(不定式短语),22,The speech is exciting.(现分)The teacher was pleased

15、 with my spoken English.(过分)Three times seven is twenty-one.(基数词)They are in the garden.(介词短语)What I want to know is when will have the sport meeting.,23,Translation :,Other software developments during the first computer generation include the design of the FORTRAN programming language in 1957. Thi

16、s language became the first widely used high-level language. Also, the first simple operating systems became available with first-generation computers.,24,译文:,在第一代计算机期间, 软件方面的其他的进展包括1957年FORTRAN语言的设计。这种语言成为第一种广泛使用的高级语言。同时, 第一个简单的操作系统随着第一代计算机而出现。,25,.,宾语:宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任

17、。英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语要做什么。除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth, careful等后也可有宾语。 Eg: She is playing the piano now. (n.) He often helps me.(代)We should learn from him.He enjoys making friends.(动词ing形式)I started to talk with the other students. (不定式)His daughter is sixteen next month.(数词)I dont understand what you mean.(从句)Who put forward the suggestion?,

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