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1、第一课时 如何写好主语,主语是一个句子中最重要、最核心的两个部分之一。,一、单词作主语 二、动名词作主语 三、动词不定式作主语 四、从句作主语主语从句,一、单词作主语 1主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当 All efforts will be in vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly.(名词作主语) 如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。,2单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数。 (1)使用高级词汇(except，besides，with，as well as，together with，a
2、long with等)连接主语。(注意谓语动词一般与前面主语保持一致) The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老师和他的学生们要去参观博物馆。 (2)使用高级量词(quantity，amount等)修饰主语。(注意谓语动词的单复数形式),练一练 翻译句子 周六早晨，我和祖父母一起在网上查找列车时刻、北戴河的天气以及旅馆信息。(北京书面表达) On_Saturday_morning，I_together with/as_well_as/along_with_my_grandparents，searched_the_
3、Internet_for_the_train_schedule，the_weather_in_Beidaihe，and_some_hotel_ information.,募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。 A large quantity of money has_been_collected_to_help_those_suffering_from_the_floods. Large quantities of money have_been_collected_to_help_those_suffering_from_the_floods.,二、动名词作主语 1直接位于句首作主语
4、In my opinion，cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。 句式升级 动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。,Our school forbids（禁止） us students to go out of the campus (校园草地） and we are strongly against it.Forbidding us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections.,练一练 We know of different cultu
5、res by learning English.Learning_English gives us an access to an exploration of a variety of cultures.,2用it作形式主语 为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时，可用it作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句末。 常用句型：Itbe名词或形容词(good，no good，no use，fun，pleasure，better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless)动名词。,It is no good lear
6、ning without practice. 学而不用无益,练一练 完成句子 就我个人而言，劝他没用，他不会改变主意。 As far as Im concerned，its_no_use_persuading him，he wont change his mind.,3动名词的复合结构作主语动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。,三、动词不定式作主语 1直接位于句首作主语 To have a positive
7、 attitude is wise when we are let down （使失望）. 当遭遇挫折时，怀有积极的态度是很明智的。 2用it作形式主语 有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，将作主语的不定式放在句末。,常用句型一：Itbe形容词(interesting，important，hard，difficult/impossible.)for sb. to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说”If they adjust their mind a little，it is not hard for them to find that life is just as pro
8、mising as before.如果他们对于思路稍加调整，就不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。,常用句型二：Itbe形容词(good，kind，nice，clever, foolish，right，polite，impolite，rude，brave，stupid, silly，selfish.)of sb.to do sth.“能够做真是”Its rude of him not to invite you to attend the party. 没有邀请你参加晚会，他很失礼。,常用句型三：Itbe名词(ones responsibility，ones honor，a hardship，a
9、pleasure.) to do sth.“做是某人的责任/某人的荣幸/一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情”It is our responsibility to learn advanced science and technology （先进的科学技术）to build socialism. 学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。,常用句型四：It takes(sb.)时间(金钱)to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间(金钱)”It took us a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot. 徒步到达山顶花了我们一
10、整天。,练一练 翻译句子 我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。 It_is_impossible_for_us_to_finish_the_work_on_time. 你帮助我做这项工作，真是太好了。 Its_very_kind_of_you_to_help_me_with_the_work. 在这里发言我很荣幸。 Its_an_honor_to_make_a_speech_here.,3疑问词(who，what，which，when，where，whether，how)动词不定式作主语 什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。 When to leave for Shanghai has not been
11、decided yet. 点睛：动词原形不能作主语，可以用动名词或不定式。动名词作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向；不定式作主语表示具体的动作。 当动名词短语或不定式短语很长时，可用it作形式主语。,Read as much as possible is necessary.() Reading as much as possible is necessary.() It is necessary to read as much as possible.(),四、从句作主语主语从句 从句作主语(即主语从句)，这种句型属于高级句式，要注意把握句子的正确性；主语从句常使用it作形式主
12、语。,常用句型一：Itbe形容词/名词词组/过去分词/现在分词主语从句It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not. 还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。,常用句型二：It不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occur to.)主语从句 It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。,练一练 翻译句子 人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。 It_is_widely_believed_that_plenty_of_
13、fresh_air_contributes_to_good_health. 我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。 It_occurred_to_me_that_it_was_not_a_challenge_but_a_chance_to_do_such_a_job.,.基础巩固(写出下列句子的主语) (1)(2013安徽卷书面表达)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon causing serious harm to life and the environment. (2)His being
14、late made his boss angry. (3)To see is to believe. (4)Jim and Tim work together to solve the problem. (5)(2013湖南卷书面表达)What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you.,.能力提升 1按要求翻译句子 (1)不擅长和别人交流让我感到孤独。(用动名词作主语) Not_being_good_at_communicating_with_others_made_me_feel_lonely.(2)老师和
15、朋友们给了我一些建议。(用名词作主语；together with) My_teacher_together_with_my_friends_gave_me_some_advice.,(3)了解同学们的好恶是基本的。(用不定式作主语；it作形式主语) It_is_essential_to_learn_about_the_classmates_likes_and_dislikes.(4)积极参加在班级中举行的讨论是十分重要的。(用不定式作主语) To_take_an_active_part_in_the_discussions_held_in_the_class_is_important/of_g
16、reat_importance.,(5)耐心地倾听别人是件快乐的事情。(用动名词作主语；it作形式主语) It_is_a_pleasure_listening_to_other_people_patiently.(6)他们建议我只要有可能就应该学着去帮助别人。(用从句作主语；It was suggested that.) It was suggested that I should learn to help others when necessary.,(7)随着时间的流逝，同学们正在开始更多地了解我。(用集合名词class作主语) With_time_going_on，the_class_are_beginning_to_know_me_better.(8)遵照他们的建议，我已经取得了成功。(用代词作主语) I_have_made_it_by_following_their_advice.,
