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1、Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.,Section A Grammar Focus,现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。,结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词,一般疑问句： have / has ?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.,Revision,1. 现在完成时动词构成 have /has + v 过去分词,助动词,否定,havent hasnt,疑问,Have you
2、? Has he?,常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet, ever, never, before, several times,现在完成时,1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。,2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。,动词构成：have/has+v过去分词,have breakfast,I have just had my breakfast.,(现在我不饿),Im not hungry now,moved here in 200
3、4,I still live here,I have lived here for three years.,I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.,now,past,2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy,
4、lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for , since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。,3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。I cleaned my room last wee
5、k. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。,注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came
6、in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。,( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句,eg.I have been a teacher _ a year.He has been
7、 at this school _ 1992.We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.,for,since,since,现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。,ever,just,already,yet,e.g. Have you _been to Japan?I have _ finished my homework.I have finished my homework _.I havent finished my homework _.,B. just, al
8、ready, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.,already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还”这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。 如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasnt come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Havent you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过野性的呼唤吗？,现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在
9、造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。,一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,have / has + V过去分词,现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bought
10、two apples 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）,4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet在用法和意思上有什么区别？,在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭
11、。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet. 他们还没有身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。,(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。,5. have
12、 been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法,(2). Have (has) been to 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。 如：Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。,(3). Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。 如：Ive been
13、 to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 (4). Have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。 如: Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。,例如： He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在
14、不在现场) He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。 (说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。 言外之意他对香港有所了解),Grammar Focus,for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用,for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大： （1）for后须接“时间段” He has studied English for five years.他学英语5年了。 （2）since后须接“时间点”He has studied English since 1999.他从1999年开始学英语。,（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一
15、段时间 + agoHe has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago.他到这儿已经有五个星期了。,如： He has taught here since he came to China. 自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 We have been friends since we met in school. 我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。,(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。,（5）现在完成时常用句型： It is (has been) +时
16、间段+ since +时间状语或从句 It is four days since last Friday. 从上周五到现在已经四天了。 It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆来北京已经两年了。,This is the first (second) time that + 从句句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。 如： This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen. 这是我第三次见到Karen。,（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。 如: I have bought this computer since four years ago. () I have had this computer since four years ago. () I havent bought anything for two months.( ) I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. (),
