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1、Lecture 9. UML Notation-2Object Oriented Design and MUL面向对象设计与UML Instructor: Yushan Sun Spring Term 2013内容提要 1. Deployment Diagrams 部署图(Grady Booch Book 5.4) 2. Use Case Diagrams 用例图(Grady Booch Book 5.5) 3. Activity Diagrams 活动图(Grady Booch Book 5.6)5.4 Deployment Diagram 部署图被用来表示将人造物分配到系统的物 理设计节点
2、的图 A deployment diagram is used to show the allocation of artifacts to nodes in the physical design of a system. 一个部署图代表一个系统的人造物结构的视 图 A single deployment diagram represents a view into the artifact structure of a system. 在开发中，使用部署图表示 系统执行平台的物 理节点 During development, we use deployment diagrams to in
3、dicate the physical collection of nodes that serve as the platform for execution of our system. 三个基本的部署图元素： The three essential elements of a deployment diagram are Artifacts 人造物 nodes, and their 节点 Connections 连接 Essentials: The Artifact Notation 人造物是实现软件设计的一部分的物理东西： An artifact is a physical item
4、that implements a portion of the software design. software code (executable), a source file, a document, or other items related to the software code 源代码、源文件、文件等等 Artifacts may have relationships with other artifacts, such as a dependency or a composition 一个人造物可以与其它人造物有 关系，例如依赖 或者 复合 The notation for
5、 an artifact consists of a class rectangle containing the name of the artifact, 人造物名字； the keyword label artifact, and 关键词 为artifact； an optional icon that looks like a sheet of paper with the top right-hand corner folded over. 图标 Fig 5-17 shows the HeatingController.exe artifact, with the optional
6、icon. HeatingController.exe依赖于HeatingController组 件(使用manifest标签 ) The HeatingController.exe artifact has a dependency relationship to the HeatingController component, labeled with manifest. HeatingController.exe实现了HeatingController组 件 This means that it physically implements the component, thereby c
7、onnecting the implementation to the design. An artifact may manifest more than one component.Fig 5-17 The Artifact Notation for HeatingController.exemanifest:说明 HeatingController.exe 具体地实现了 HeatingController 组件HeatingController.execomponent HeatingControllermanifest可执行程序 人造物依赖面向对象技术 强调面向接口 编程Essenti
8、als: The Node Notation 节点记号基础 定义：节点是计算资源，通常包含内存、处理等 ；人造物的执行被分配到其上 A node is a computational resource, typically containing memory and processing, on which artifacts are deployed for execution. 节点可以包含其它类型的节点，代表复杂的执行 能力 Nodes may contain other nodes to represent complex execution capability; this is s
9、hown by nesting or using a composition relationship. 节点类型：设备节点、执行环境节点 There are two types of nodes: devices and execution environments.设备(硬件)节点. A device is a piece of hardware that provides computational capabilities, such as a computer, a modem, or a sensor (modem ：调制解调器，猫 ). 执行环境(软件)节点. An execut
10、ion environment is software that provides for the deployment of specific types of executing artifacts; such as database and J2EE server.u执行环境通常被装载在某个设备中 Execution environments are typically hosted by a device. 图5-18中包含了两个三维立体图标，代表两个节 点 Fig 518 shows the three-dimensional cube icon that we use to rep
11、resent a node, in this case, the PC and ApplicationServer nodes. The icon may be adorned （装饰）with a symbol to provide additional visual specification of the node type.Fig 5-18 Notations for Two NodesPCApplication Server1*1TCP/IP 1）通信是双向的 2）网络通讯协议为TCP/IP 3）一台服务器可以连接多台PCWeve specified the connection o
12、f one or more PC nodes to one ApplicationServer node. In Fig 5-18, the communication between the PC and ApplicationServer nodes is bidirectional (using TCP/IP protocols) 节点之间可以沿着通讯路径通过消息或者信号 互相通讯 Nodes communicate with one another, via messages and signals, through a communication path indicated by
13、a solid line. 通讯路径通常为为双向的；如果是单向的，则需 要使用箭头表示 Communication paths are usually considered to be bidirectional, although if a particular connection is unidirectional, an arrow may be added to show the direction. 通讯路径可以使用关键词标签，例如http Each communication path may include an optional keyword label, such as
14、http or TCP/IP, that provides information about the connection. 也可以明确重数(PC和ApplicationServer的通讯 是双向的） We may also specify multiplicity for each of the nodes connected via a communication path. 通讯路径可以代表一些直接的硬件耦合 A communication path usually represents some direct hardware coupling, such as a USB cabl
15、e USB连接线 an Ethernet connection 以太网链接 a path to shared memory 到共享内存的路径 路径也可以代表更加非直接耦合，例如飞船-地面 ，或者移动电话通讯 The path could also represent more indirect couplings, such as satellite-to-ground or mobile phone communications. 人造卫星飞行 速度：8km/s SatelliteSatellite MachineMachineGround Station Ground Station ServerServer1*1IPSec1）通信是双向的 2）网络通讯协议为IPSec 3）一台地面服务器 可以连接多台人造卫星机器Essentials: The Deployment Diagram 部署图基础 水培花园系统中 的 环境控制系统 In Fig 5-19, we provide an example of a deployment diagram drawn primarily from the physical architecture of the Environmental Control System within the Hydroponics Gardening Sy
